Boilers Information

Dimplex Electric Boilers

2009-09-03T21:10:00.000-07:00

Product Code: ascma12	Dimplex Ascari Modulating Electric Heating Boiler(Reference #3469) Dimplex Ascari Modulating Electric Heating Boiler • Height - 620mm • Width - 405mm • Depth - 280mm • Output 4 - 12 kW • Compatible with standard radiators or underfloor heating. • No flue. • Stylish design to fit alongside kitchen wall cabinets. • Maximum power 4-12kW. • Unit can be reduced down to 10, 8, 6 or even 4kW on installation. • Includes 8 litre expansion vessel: 3bar pressure relief valve and 3 speed pump for quick easy install. • 7-segment digital displays of temperature and pressure. • Adjustable water temperature between 21-80°C. • Graduated power On/Off reduces instantaneous loads. • White steel casing with cast iron engine for thermal stability. • Stainless steel elements. • Pump protection, prevents pump sticking. • Ideal for well insulated properties of up to 80sqm. • 3 year guarantee on storage tank and 2 years on components. • Low maintenance and no requirements for annual safety check. 10 - 14 Days Delivery On This Item £750.00 Ex VAT £862.50 Including VAT at 15%

http://www.discountedheating.co.uk/shop/acatalog/copy_of_Dimplex_Electric_Boiler_Range.html

Trianco Electric Boilers

2009-09-03T21:09:00.001-07:00

The Trianco Aztec Classic Electric Boiler is a wall mounted central heating system designed with practicality in mind - suitable for just about any application in any type of property. Once switched on, the Aztec is fully controlled by a solid state management system, which automatically monitors its safety and running functions. Ideal for applications where gas or oil are not available the Aztec range of Electric Boilers are available in five outputs ranging from 2kW to 12kW, these boilers can also be linked in any combination to provide larger outputs. The larger sized boilers are also fan assisted, cooling down the PCB to give optimum performance. Temperature output varies from 50°C to 75°C to supply all forms of heating from underfloor systems to conventional radiators.

Where aesthetics are important Trianco Aztec Gold Electric Boiler is in it's element. Ideal for heating small areas such as conservatories, caravans and loft extensions, this is a compact and neat all-in-one system.
A key benefit of the Aztec Gold is that, since it produces no noxious gasses, it requires no flue and so can be sited almost anywhere. Virtually maintenance free, it has self-diagnostic checking, soft switching to preserve element life and prevent interference, a re-settable thermal safety cut-out and is compatible with underfloor heating.

Trianco Aztec Classic Electric Boilers
The Aztec Electric boiler is a wall mounted central heating system designed with practicality in mind - suitable for just about any application in any type of property. Once switched on, the Aztec is fully controlled by a solid state management system, which automatically monitors its safety and running functions. Ideal for applications where gas or oil are not available the Aztec range of Electric Boilers are available in five outputs ranging from 2kW to 12kW, these boilers can also be linked in any combination to provide larger outputs.

Trianco Aztec Gold Electric Boilers
Where aesthetics are important Aztec Gold is in it's element. Ideal for heating small areas such as conservatories, caravans and loft extensions, this is a compact and neat all-in-one system.
A key benefit of the Aztec Gold is that, since it produces no noxious gasses, it requires no flue and so can be sited almost anywhere. Virtually maintenance free, it has self-diagnostic checking, soft switching to preserve element life and prevent interference, a re-settable thermal safety cut-out and is compatible with underfloor heating.

Good Radiators Make Effective Central Heating Systems

2008-09-10T01:13:00.000-07:00

Take a modern car as an example. The engine creates the power by burning fuel. The power is then transferred by the wheels and tyres to pull the car forward. In the central heating world, the engine is your boiler and the wheels and tyres are your wall hung radiators. Just like in cars, a well designed and sized radiator is crucial for effective heat transfer from the boiler into the room and as such guarantee an effective and economic performance of your central heating system.

It might come as a surprise that those sleek looking stainless steel radiators offered by most UK plumbing and heating merchants date back more than 150 years. The first radiator was registered as a patent in 1855 by Franz Sangalli, a German engineer. In effect, despite considerable visual differences, the main working structure of the radiator is the same as the ones registered initially by Mr. Sangalli. The radiators are effectively a hollow case made of metal, shaped as a flat box and attached to the wall to maximize radiation of heat into the room.

Most UK made radiators are constructed from sheet metal with brazed fins (normally internal within an outer casing). Using a simple pump (normally located in the boiler or by the hot water cylinder), hot water is circulated through the central heating loop. The hot water is pumped into the radiator and gradually loses its heat to the surrounding atmosphere. As the water cools off it drops and eventually is pumped out via the return valve (normally at the bottom of the radiator). The air surrounding the radiator absorbs the heat from the water within the radiator and rises to the top of the room. Consequently, cooler air is drawn towards the radiator to get heated up. This convection effect is a simple physical phenomenon that keeps our homes warm in the winter.

Radiators, though tried and tested over many years, still suffer from typical problems from time to time. One of the most common problems is the air pockets that develop within them. These small pockets can be a result of tiny bubbles of air creeping into the sealed central heating system through tiny cracks. Professional central heating installers minimise the risk of such cracks by using compression fittings or other solution to ensure the connection points are free from potential cracks.

Another common explanation for these air pockets it that they are the result of a chemical reaction that occurs when copper piping and other metals come in contact with very hot water. Such pockets (normally made of hydrogen) get trapped inside the system and find their way to the top most point of the system. This is why your radiator does not get hot at the top side, as it is filled up with air pockets rather than hot water. As this reduces the efficiency of the radiator and the central heating system as a whole it is recommended to bleed out such air pockets from the system. This can be easily done by using a bleeding key (which can be purchased in all major DIY stores in the UK). The bleeding key fits into a bleeding screw at the top of the radiator that lets the air pockets escape and return the system to good operating mode.

Another common problem affecting radiators is a build up of sludge. Since hot water rubs against iron, copper and other metals within the closed central heating loop, the resulting chemical reaction creates not only gases but also chemical deposits. Such chemical deposits remain in the sealed system and clog the pipes, reducing their performance and effectiveness.

Such corrosion can be addressed and prevented by ensuring that the plumber installing your central heating system adds a chemical corrosion inhibitor into the closed circulation loop. Prior to doing this most plumbers these days go one step further and actually power flush the system to remove any build up and debris that might have accumulated within the pipes. Even new systems may require a power flush to remove debris that has been there as a result of the manufacturing processes of the pipes and the radiators.
About the Author:
Tal Potishman is editor of Heating Central, which publishes information about UK boilers, plumbers, underfloor central heating and solar thermal systems. He specializes in helping save costs and the planet by consulting on high-efficiency central heating.

How Can Landlords Keep Their Tenants Warm This Winter?

2008-03-17T02:56:00.000-07:00

Insulation doesn't need to cost landlords the earth

The big issue that landlords have with the laudable aim of energy conservation is that, whilst the capital investment is incurred by them as the landlord; it is the tenant that effectively receives much of the financial benefit in the form of cheaper heating bills.

However, what landlords may not realise is that recent changes in the tax system means that individual landlords (and other landlords who pay income tax) who let residential property and install loft insulation, cavity wall insulation and solid wall insulation to properties have been able to claim a deduction in their income tax bill, this is called the Landlords Energy Saving Allowance (LESA).

The maximum amount which can be claimed is £1,500 per property. Following the 2006 Budget, from 6th April 2006 the Landlords Energy Saving Allowance (LESA) has been extended to enable landlords to also claim the allowance for expenditure from installing draught-proofing and for insulating hot water systems in dwelling houses which they let.

Further information is available from Her Majesty's Revenue and Customs.

Landlords do however need to be wary that they do not by improving their residential investment properties insulation, then cause damp problems through inadequate ventilation.

IMPROVING THE HEATING

The other way a landlord can keep their tenants warm and happy is by improving the heating. The vast majority of housing including buy-to-let investment properties now have central heating. In 2005 the English House Condition Survey found that just under 9 out of every 10 properties (88%) had central heating a further 7% had storage heaters.

The reality therefore for most landlords is that an improvement to the heating system involves an upgrade to the central heating system. The efficiency and effectiveness of a heating system largely depends on the type and age of the boiler, with most boilers lasting between 10-15 years. The difficulty for many landlords can be deciding when to upgrade to a new model. I was faced with this exact conundrum recently. I had a problem with a 10 years old boiler which packed up depriving tenants of hot water & heating making prompt action vital. The plumber suspected it was one of two parts the gas valve or the PCB board, both costing over £150 with fitting costs on top.

What did I do? Risk having one part fitted to find out it was actually the other that needed replacing? Then potentially having replaced 2 parts would I have been better off having a new boiler fitted at the outset? In the end I contacted the manufacturer and their technical department were able to run through a few diagnostic tests to pinpoint the part I needed. I am now hoping that the boiler lasts several years longer before it has to be replaced by a new condensing boiler.

Condensing boilers

Many landlords may not be aware that since the change in the Building Regulations in 2005 all newly fitted boilers have to be high efficiency, which generally means condensing boilers.

Condensing boilers are have also required to be fitted in Scotland since 1st May 2007 with the revision of section 6 of the Building Regulations.

A high efficiency condensing boiler works on the principle of recovering as much as possible of the waste heat which is normally rejected to the atmosphere from the flue of a conventional (non-condensing) boiler. The best high efficiency condensing boilers convert more than 90% of their fuel into heat, compared to 78% for conventional types. I found this useful site for a ranking of boilers in relation to their efficiency.

How do they work?

The extra efficiency is accomplished by using a larger heat exchanger or sometimes two heat exchangers within the boiler, which maximises heat transfer from the burner as well as recovering useful heat which would normally be lost with the flue gases. When in condensing mode (condensing boilers do not condense all the time) the flue gases give up their 'latent heat' which is then recovered by the heat exchanger within the boiler. As a result the temperature of the gases exiting the flue of a condensing boiler is typically 50-60°C compared with 120-180°C in a current non-condensing boiler. At the same time an amount of water or 'condensate' is produced.

The fact is if a landlord's boiler is between 10-15 years old then it probably is not efficient by modern standards. Replacing a landlord's old boiler with a new high efficiency condensing boiler is likely to save around a third of the heating bills straight away.

Costs

A new condensing boiler will cost about £750 inc. vat for a decent make.

However the additional plumbing kit will probably cost another £250 and then there is the fitting costs of at least £250. Bank on at least £1250.

Having purchased a new boiler landlord can then insure themselves against further maintenance costs by taking out boiler insurance.

I would caution landlords from automatically taking out this type of cover without carefully considering the benefits. This is mainly that it guards a landlord against an unexpected large bill. If a landlord's cash-flow is stretched then this might be the safe option. However landlords should appreciate that at a minimum of £100 pa the cost of the insurance over the lifetime of the boiler would amount to the entire replacement cost. Therefore, they may be better off setting up a monthly 'sinking fund' equivalent to that of the insurance. This way they can build up a cash fund that is available should disaster strike. Should this not happen then the money can go towards the eventual replacement cost of the boiler.

One thing is for sure, keeping the tenants warm and happy this Winter isn't getting any easier or cheaper!

How A New Boiler Can Save You More Than A Third Off Your Heating Bill, And What To Look Out For

2008-03-15T03:27:00.000-07:00

If you live in a climate with cold winters, your central heating boiler is by far the most energy-hungry appliance in the house. A boiler in the average UK home burns over £500 worth a gas each year, and is responsible for emitting almost 4 tonnes of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere. As high energy prices hit householders in the pocket, and more and more people are becoming concerned about Climate Change (caused by the burning of fossil fuels like gas), many people are finding that it makes sense to install a new boiler.

Older boilers waste heat and money every time they fire up. This is because a lot of the heat that is generated from burning the gas is lost up the chimney or flue. Modern boilers are much more efficient because they recover and recycle a lot of this heat, and so need to use less gas. This can save you up to 40% or £200 a year off the average UK gas bill.

The most efficient type of boiler is a Condensing Boiler, which now achieves almost 90% efficiency on the fuel it burns, far higher than older boilers. They normally cost a bit more than other types of boiler up front, but save a lot of money in the long run because you spend less on fuel. The most common alternative is called a Combination Boiler, which activates on demand, which means less wasted energy and no need for water tanks or cylinders. Although not as energy efficient (at 75% efficiency) or cost efficient as the condensing boiler, combination boilers do require less of an upfront investment. Most organizations recommend that people choose a condensing boiler, and indeed building regulations in some countries now make this obligatory.

How do you know if you would benefit from a new boiler? If your boiler is old, especially if it is 10 years or older, a new boiler could well make great sense. But you don’t need to try to work this out yourself. Many large, reputable heating companies offer free, no obligation boiler and heating surveys, and they can tell you how much you will save and exactly how much the installation of a new boiler will cost. You can easily sign up for a survey on-line, through a web-site such as Downwithco2.co.uk.

Before you finally choose your new boiler you should think about a few things:
- How big a boiler do you need? How much hot water can satisfy the needs of your household?
- Even though condensing boilers are the most expensive, they are more efficient than other boiler types and in the long term, could save you the most money.
- What will the boiler be used for? Will it be used for space heating, or just hot water?
- What type of fuel do you have available? Wood, Natural Gas, Fuel oil?
- After the boiler has been installed, who will take care of it? Many companies offer maintenance contracts, and often these are a good idea.

When thinking about a new boiler, you should always make sure you are dealing with a reputable and qualified firm. Installers should be registered with an official organisation. This is especially true with gas boilers; in the UK you should always make sure your gas boiler installer is ‘CORGI’ registered.

In some countries like the UK, a new boiler can make even more financial sense because the government subsidises their installation, in order to promote energy efficiency. Your installer should be able to tell you about these subsidies, which apply to almost everyone in the UK, especially older people who qualify for even more money off a new boiler.

Finally, if you want to save energy and money off your heating bills, you should also think about having your home properly insulated if you haven’t already. This is now very good value, and pays back the up-front investment in under 2 years. Further information can be found at downwithco2.co.uk

Boilers: this brochure provides complete information on the company's RV Series of boilers in eight standard sizes from 3.5 to 8 MButh - literature &

2008-03-12T23:18:00.000-07:00

This brochure provides complete information on the company's RV Series of boilers in eight standard sizes from 3.5 to 8 MButh. These boilers are available in forced draft gas, oil, of dual-fuel fired, and all models feature the company's "flexible watertube" design, which is designed to ensure rapid internal circulation for maximum heat transfer and operating efficiency.

Residential Boilers

2008-03-11T23:44:00.000-07:00

In the United States most households are equipped with residential boilers. They transmit the heat required to operate water heaters and heating systems, providing relief from chilly winter conditions. Residential boilers are used for heating purposes in buildings and are immensely of great use to the people. Residential boilers include Category I type of boilers. Non-positive vent pressure and non-condensing and incorporate natural draft appliances mark them.

In residential boilers the heat exchanger integrates the heat transfer competence of copper-finned tubes with the mass of two cast-iron wet walls encasing the combustion chamber. The units are readily obtainable in a variety of sizes to fit almost every residential heating load. Residential boiler systems are known for their high degree of operational efficiencies that can reach up to 84.5% AFUE. Most of the residential boilers have certain exclusive features including boiler-mounted induced draft fans to aid in sidewall-vented installations.

Residential boilers are characterized by clean combustion. They have an immensely high level of efficiency. Since they are meant for residential purposes they are known for their economical operation and longevity.

Residential boilers are flawless central heating sources for single- or multiple-family homes. They ensure consistent heating for a long time. Most modern residential boilers are compact in design and use the most sophisticated combustion and manufacturing technologies.

The efficiency of certain residential boilers can be as impressive as 98%. Most residential boilers are self-adaptive in structure and compatible with varying conditions. Ideal residential boilers integrate the immense effectiveness of modern copper boilers with the long-life consistency of cast-iron boilers.

Most residential boilers are equipped to meet the most demanding challenges of heating uses.

What You Don't Know Can Hurt You - Information Is Power

2008-02-26T03:49:00.000-08:00

They say it quite often - Information is Power. But is the opposite also true? Is lack of information something that makes you powerless? Can what you do not know hurt you? Indeed it can and yes the opposite is also true. Worse off acting on bad information is very similar to acting on no information. For this reason is makes sense to never stop learning, to learn something everyday and make knowledge a priority in your life.

So many times we see that once people leave high-school they never pick up and read another book. That is a travesty and perhaps why the average reading level in the United States is just about at the Eighth Grade Level. But you must not be too alarmed as that is one of the highest of all nations of the World. In many nations 50% or more of the population, cannot read or write. Imagine the disadvantage. Are you beginning to see how knowledge and information is power?

Now the next thing we need to discuss is your information strategy. How do you get your information? Is it a combination of friends, TV news, newspapers, radio, industry trade journals and books? Which is the best way to get good solid information? Well TV might be a little problematic and chances are your friends like to sling a little bull too. Trade Journals are good as the rest of the industry reviews them and they better be or they will say something.

Profit from Your Own Information Empire!

2008-02-26T03:45:00.000-08:00

Would you like to profit from your own information empire? Here are a few ways of doing so.

1. Book Distributorships

For free or nominal consideration, you can obtain book dealerships which allow you to sell books and other information products. For example, you can buy books at a cost of fifty percent of the selling price. In many cases, you don`t even have to stock the product; your supplier will drop ship it for you.

Make Money Online: Sell Information that will Surely Give You a lot of Money

2008-02-25T03:57:00.000-08:00

Millions of people are using the internet and the search engine information everyday. They usually go to check out for reviews, affordable package deals, music, entertainment news, sports and searching out friends. So if you are on the look out for some information on something, it is surely available somewhere in the internet.

Though the internet is believed to be rich in information, not all of them are regarded as useful information, related to the user search or keyword. This, together with the need for immediate fulfillment that the net introduces in its users, makes up a demand for accurate information nowadays.

Regardless of the publicity about earning money rapidly, there is really money to be earned on the net. It is a generalized method, but if you are a person with the ability to meet up some of this need for information then you have a great chance to earn money online. You can also able to ask for payment in giving them the information that is useful to them.

But how will you able to provide information?

This is easy. Do your homework well. You can gather information by researching through the internet. Find the possible useful articles that can be of great help to you and compile it. Or you can go find information by reading newspapers and magazine. You can find information in so many ways. All you have to do is to find the best one that suits your customer’s desire.

Remember there is a great demand for information on the internet. If you think you are one of those individuals who are able to provide this demand, do not just sit there. Make some actions that will lead you to the world of selling information online.

Selling Information to Informants

2008-02-25T03:53:00.000-08:00

If you hold information you hold knowledge and power and it is worth something, but how much? Well we know from intrinsic valuations that something is worth whatever someone else will give you for it. But how much will they give you? Ah ha, now you see why selling information can be such a tricky job and why it can be such a lucrative career. The key is to finding who needs the information most and what they are willing to pay you for it. Then you must make protect the information so you can sell it again.

Selling information can be a difficult endeavor indeed. And once you have some one purchase your information you then have established a price. Too many people sell their information too cheaply, either because they do not understand its value or do not value it themselves. Those who sell information need to find out the needs and desires of the prospects and work from there and look for a high price point.

For those who have done much negotiation and sales they are most suited for the selling of information and will find a good paying commission base if they can perform. Have you considered how you sell information in your company? Are you giving it away too cheaply? Perhaps you need to hone your sales skills and get what that information is worth? Consider this in 2006.

Boiler And Machinery Insurance

2008-02-18T05:00:00.001-08:00

Boiler and machinery insurance refer to the insurance of machines. Boiler insurance is not applicable only to boilers, but any machine that generates electrical power, for example, generators, motors etc. Boiler and machinery insurance include the damage to not just the machine, but also to the surrounding area through explosions, fire etc.

Why Opt for Boiler and Machinery Insurance?

If you have ever tried to settle a simple insurance claim related to breakdown or damage to machine or equipment, you will know how difficult it is to get the company to pay for additional damages like destruction of property, loss of business etc. Boiler and Machinery Insurance covers not just the damage to the machine, but also other damages caused by the malfunctioning machine. These damages may include business loss and property damage. In fact, some types of Boiler and Machinery Insurance also cover damages to neighboring properties, and pay for setting up of temporary arrangements for running the business.

Who Needs Boiler and Machinery Insurance?

Anyone who runs any kind of business that uses electrical or mechanical devices of some sort should buy a Boiler and Machinery Insurance policy. Many people have the misconception that Boiler and Machinery Insurance is only for large factories and manufacturing units. As a small business owner, you probably do not use heavy machines, but even the smallest of businesses use equipment like air conditioners, refrigerators, ovens, coffee machines etc. Malfunction in any of these equipments could cause an explosion or fire, damage to neighboring as well as your own property and business loss. Boiler and Machinery Insurance will cover all these damages.

What Does Boiler and Machinery Insurance Cover?

Boiler and machinery insurance are of different types. Some kinds of boiler and machinery insurance cover a specific boiler that is recognized by year of manufacturing or number. Other Boiler and Machinery Insurance cover electrical motors. The more extensive Boiler and Machinery Insurance cover all kinds of machinery and equipment, as well as damage caused by equipment malfunction.

How to Choose Boiler and Machinery Insurance:

Most small business owners opt for boiler and machinery insurance to cover the items that are not covered by other kinds of insurance policies, like property or vehicle insurance. Choose a policy that not just pays you for the damaged machine, but also helps you recover from business losses caused by the accident. This means that you should look for a boiler and machinery insurance policies that will help you set up a temporary business unit after an accident, pay for damages to the property and compensate for business losses.

If you are a small business owner who is unsure of which boiler and machinery insurance policy to opt for, you can approach a small business consultant for help. Insuring your machine is the best way to safeguard yourself from not just damage to your equipment, but also business losses.

Bio Diesel Fuel - An Energy Source Now and for the Future

2008-02-18T04:59:00.000-08:00

Bio Diesel fuel is a diesel equivalent, processed fuel derived from biological sources, such as vegetable oils, which can be used in unmodified diesel engine vehicles. It can also be used as a heating fuel in domestic and commercial boilers. There are a number of naturally occurring and renewable resources it can be refined from including algae, vegetable oils, animal fats or recycled restaurant greases. It can also be processed where ever the raw materials to make it exist.

Bio diesel fuel is nearly completely free of sulfur and aromatics and is a naturally oxygenated fuel because it is composed of almost 10 percent oxygen. Because of this biodiesel provides a significant reduction in particulate and carbon monoxide emissions then petroleum based diesel fuel.

It is also safe to handle and transport because it is has the biodegradability of table sugar, is 10 tens less toxic then plain salt, and has a high flashpoint, the temperature at which it catches fire, of 300 degrees Fahrenheit as compared to regular diesel fuel which flashes ate 125 degrees Fahrenheit. Bio diesel can also be blended with petroleum diesel to create a biodiesel blend as well as its ability to be used in almost any diesel engine without any modifications.

Many gas stations are beginning to make biodiesel available to consumers and a growing number of transport fleets are using it as an additive to their fuel. It is important that fuel grade bio diesel be refined to tight industry specifications in order to ensure proper performance. One of the benefits of this fuel is it lower engine wear. In fact some vehicle manufacturers are beginning to make engines specifically for bio diesel for this reason.

Because it is a better solvent then regular diesel it tends to clean the engine when first used and removes deposits from the fuel lines which can clog fuel injectors. After switching to biodiesel most car manufacturers recommend changing the fuel filter to help prevent this. Use of this fuel leads to lower engine emissions while improving engine lubrication. Many government fleets on the federal and state level as well as utility fleets are now required to purchase 75 to 90 percent alternative fuel vehicles these days. Since biodiesel is the lowest cost alternative fuel option many of these fleets are converting to its use.

En-Route To The World Of Information With A Mobile Phone

2008-02-14T01:55:00.001-08:00

In this phase of technologically super-equipped modern world, the term 'information' holds meanings in different measures. For some if information deciphers money, for few others information means staying in touch. For one group if information means opportunities, for rest information is the medium to stay alive in context to the happening all-around the world. The definitions alters but deciphers the central theme of being a matter of immense importance in its own unique way. Thanks to the telecommunication advancements, in the name of mobile phone, a portable and cost-effective medium of gathering information is at our service.

Helping mankind for long as an effective medium of communication, today mobile phones are the medium of instant internet browsing. And to speak about the vast storehouse of information that an internet service is, mobile phones and their link to the possibilities to a huge plethora of information is not hard to assess.

Today's mobiles are GPS equipped. Via the service of GPS, anyone can access to information regarding any geographical location on earth. Mobiles today are multi-platform supporting tools. Through this device, files of any amount and type can be shared. This form of shareability frees one from the weights of the stacks of papers and other tangible medium of expression and information sharing. Mobile phones offer access to FM and online radio stations. In this way, mobiles present the opportunity before an user to gather information via the services of a radio. To add to it all, some mobile phones integrate TV functioning in their long list of feature.

In addition to mobile phone's prominent role as a music player, via the plethora of services comprehending a TV, internet browser and online radio, mobiles today shower abundant possibilities of information sharing. This role of sharing information, has necessarily made an impact on the various processing all around the world. From a serous business deal to a mundane human relationship, mobile phone continues to influence all alike.

Restriction of the Flow of Information Thru Internet Distribution Channels

2008-02-14T01:52:00.000-08:00

As the flow of information becomes more and more crucial, he who controls the flow of information will become the most powerful. In the present period we have heard the phrase; He controls the Media, controls the minds of the people. We have also seen this scenario play out time and time again, as the mass media hysteria incites entire population to think a certain way, go to war or re-adjust what they want out of life.

As the Internet becomes more available in places like China, India, Middle East, Eastern Europe, South and Central America and Africa we will see ever-increasing changes in those societies. There will be new leaders emerge and the old leaders attempt to restrict or control the flow of information.

Instead of allowing change and natural progression in the flow of this information they will try to force certain types of information to the forefront and in doing so force other information out of the mass communication mediums.

Restriction of the Flow of Information Thru Internet Distribution Channels is already occurring although no one is watching it much. Online news media is controlling what gets put into circulation. Professional Writers are attempting to control information in order to command a higher price for their writing services in the online world. Politicians are attempting to control information to get into and to stay in power. Search Engines are trying to control information flow to make money off a small percentage of the flow by changing the ebb and flow of the Internet tributaries. But in all of this information will find a way.

Electric Boilers

2008-02-13T02:10:00.001-08:00

A boiler is a covered container in which water or other fluid is heated after being subjected to pressure. The steam or hot fluid is then disseminated out of the boiler for its utilization in heating. A safety bulb is an integral part of a boiler, and is essential for the prevention of overheating and subsequent damage to the boiler that can be caused by a probable explosion.

Electric boilers employ resistance or immersion-type heating elements. They make use of electric heating elements for the purpose of heating water. The heated water is subsequently used for in-floor radiant and hot water baseboard and radiator heat systems. Electric boilers are known for their extremely high degree of efficiency, which can generate 100 percent efficient electric heat. They are, on the whole, highly compact and suitable for any home or business.

In electric boiler systems, piping or tubing connections are necessary to circulate the fluid that carries heat. Electric boilers are constructed in such a way that they are suitable for dual-fluid systems. Such boilers can generally be installed with all sorts of in-floor hydronic heating systems.

Electric boilers can conventionally be installed with baseboards and radiators. Due to their compact size, electric boilers can be used for renovation or fresh construction projects. People using electric boilers have an added advantage in terms of being assured of a cleaner environment.

Electric boilers do not emit any toxic fumes. The eco-friendliness of electric boilers has made them highly popular among their users. People using electric boilers do not have to encounter the unpleasant experience of being subjected to carbon monoxide, which is a highly toxic gas.

Carbon monoxide is emitted from almost all sorts of combustion appliances, but not electric boilers. Electric boiler users do not have to worry about back drafting, pilot lights, gas piping or venting, which are common problems in combustion appliances.

Residential Boilers

2008-02-13T02:09:00.000-08:00

Do You Know The Dollar Difference Between An Information Site And A Traffic Site?

2008-02-11T02:52:00.000-08:00

If I were to summarize in one brief sentence, the most effective way of making money online (which has also helped me personally to make tens of thousands of dollars at a time) then I would use the following simple sentence. It is understanding the difference between an information site and a traffic site.

In its' simplest form I have used this technique to sell tens of thousands worth of product by simply linking an information page on the same blog to a traffic page. What is an information page and what is a traffic page? And what is the difference?

An information page as the name suggests, is packed with information. The more valuable and useful the content in an information site, the better. There are thousands of people all over the world today making a living from information sites. They simply set one up and then install Adsense ads and collect a monthly pay check for their trouble.

A traffic site on the other hand is a sales site. It will usually have a sales letter or strong sales literature and the main objective is to sell a product or service. So naturally the idea is to drive as much traffic as possible in its' direction.

What most people do not know is how to drive traffic from a content site to a traffic site. Or even more basic, from a content page to a traffic page on the same site. Obtaining this simple skill will make all the difference and help you reach that place where you will fully appreciate the fact that articles are truly online gold.

Information Overload - Stop the Barrage

2008-02-11T02:50:00.000-08:00

Information overload is a serious problem in computer consulting. As a computer consultant you likely have information about new technology coming at you from all directions. This barrage of information overload is enough to render you unable to figure out what is important and what is not.

Luckily, your clients will mostly be small businesses and they are behind the curve. Much of the information overload you are receiving does not apply to them. Once you realize this, you can feel comfortable putting your business development needs ahead of your inherent feeling that you need to keep up.

Information Overload Culprits

The source of much of the information overload you are experiencing is print magazine subscriptions. If you ignore 90 percent of your print magazine subscriptions for the next three to six months your information overload will decrease significantly.

You only have so many hours in a day. The difference between reading a half a dozen magazines versus going out to two more networking events could be the difference between finding two $1000 a month clients. Don't spend your valuable time dealing with things that only create information overload and exasperation.

Information Overload Solution

Limit your subscriptions to two. To stay on top of what’s important to small business consulting in the small, midsize and large markets, subscribe to CRN and VAR Business. CRN is a weekly, online subscription that is free in the US but has other subsidiaries. VAR Business is bi weekly.

If you skim these two publications and limit yourself to no more than a half an hour per week, you'll eliminate much of your information overload. These publications will act as your filter and they will spin the information you need and apply it to business development.

The Bottom Line on Information Overload

Information comes at us from all directions at an amazing rate. Information overload is easy to encounter and hard to counteract. By limiting the amount of material that comes to you, you will eliminate much of the source of information overload. Once you do that, you will have more time to spend doing the things you need to do to grow and develop your business.

Instant Online College Degree Program Information and Applications

2008-02-08T02:26:00.001-08:00

If you are thinking about an online college degree because of the flexibility and ease that it provides, you can get instant information and applications online to get you started. Because online degrees have no geographical limitations, you can apply to reputable schools all over the country and have access to many different types of programs.

An online site can provide you with information and applications for certificate programs, associates, bachelors, masters and PhD education programs, as well as personal follow-up, almost instantly.

You will be provided information on programs for nursing, engineering, psychology, accounting, computer science, business, and many other programs at just a click of the mouse. Different schools will provide you with information about classes, schedules, requirements, and financial aid packages. Contact via phone to discuss specific questions with a specialist is offered. You will have access to enough information to make an informed choice. Applications are available online to start the acceptance process. Before you know it you will be an online student!

Each school that you apply to will be able to provide you with information about how their online degree program works. Availability of chat rooms, blogs, e-mail to communicate with the instructor and classmates and to turn in assignments will be explained. Some schools run on a set schedule and others allow you to enter at anytime, so this type of information is important for you to know.

Finding Home Equity Line of Credit Information

2008-02-08T02:21:00.000-08:00

Both before and after you get a home equity line of credit, it is important to make sure that you have adequate information. Before you get the home equity line of credit, you should have as much information as possible on loans and what the loan will entail, including the terms of the loan. After you get the loan, it is important to make sure that you have information about changes to the terms, as well as keeping track of payments and how much you actually have available. In such cases, there is no such thing as too much information.

Looking on line for home equity line of credit information

One of the best education tools we have is the Internet. You can go online and find just about anything you want, including information about home equity lines of credit. The Internet is a great place to educate yourself about different options, as well as learn about the possible rates and terms that you could have. Part of your online information search should also be a quick stop to check your credit report and your credit score to get an idea of what kind of terms you will qualify for. And you should get your information from a variety of sources. Do not rely on only one source for your home equity line of credit information. Getting the real scoop means checking a variety of independent sources.

After you get your home equity line of credit

Even after you get your home equity line of credit, it is a good idea to stay informed. You should check on interest rates, to see if refinancing to a lower rate is in order. If you have a variable interest rate on your home equity line of credit, you need to make sure that you check each statement carefully, as your minimum payments will change as your interest rate goes up or down. You also need to keep careful track of how much money is available to you. Just like a credit card, you will have a spending limit and fees will be applied if you exceed that limit.

Make Money Online: Sell Information that will Surely Give You a lot of Money

2008-02-07T02:17:00.000-08:00

How to Request a Member's Contact Information on eBay?

2008-02-07T02:16:00.000-08:00

eBay enables you to directly request the contact information of your trading partner in case you are unable to do so through email. You can request for eBay users who are engaged with your current or recent transactions. A seller in any active transaction can request contact information of bidders on eBay for current transactions as well as in closed transaction of the winning bidder. Similarly, a bidder can request contact information of a seller during an active transaction or a closed one if he is the winning bidder. Moreover, access to international users might be limited due to the International laws.

Open an eBay page. On most of the eBay pages you will see the ‘search’ button in the top right corner. For requesting the contact information of a person, click on the link ‘advanced search’ under the search button. On the left side of the page click on the link ‘find contact information’ under the members section.

Next type the ‘user id’ of the member and the item number for the current transaction or closed transaction. The requested information will be received on your registered email id. But this information can be used only in the way listed in the eBay’s Privacy Policy. The user will also get your information of whose information you have received.

If after requesting you get an invalid contact information then go through the contact information policy on eBay. Also, keep your information updated too.

Information As A Competitive Advantage - Part 3, Creation Of Customer Value Through Retention

2008-02-06T02:25:00.000-08:00

Information for Customer retention The Customer expectations vis-à-vis service procurement can be captured by asking his/her preferences (e.g. a Customer may wish to have a product demonstration). Satisfying the Customer expectation, based on the information given, contributes to a positive Customer experience. Customer requests, preferences or comments on the service procured, represent valuable information and an opportunity to improve, for the Business. Complaints should also be considered by the Business, as an opportunity to improve. A Customer whose comment or complaint has been resolved satisfactorily, becomes a loyal Customer. All this information should be systematically gathered from all interaction channels, a challenging task which requires implementation of an integrated information system, deployed to all customer facing channels.

Monitoring service quality indicators, is important in order to assure satisfactory levels. Information on the service quality levels, as perceived by the Customers, is very important, since it completes the internal information. The combination of internal information with information gathered by the Customer creates a complete view of the service quality levels. Information for customer loyalty building Customer preferences information should be captured during interactions. Use of this information to provide customised service can have a very positive result, preventing the trial of competetitive products.

How to Request a Member's Contact Information on eBay?

2008-02-06T02:23:00.000-08:00

Boiler And Machinery Insurance

2008-02-05T00:58:00.000-08:00

Bio Diesel Fuel - An Energy Source Now and for the Future

2008-02-05T00:56:00.000-08:00

Online Information Technology Schools Make Learning Easy

2008-02-02T02:09:00.000-08:00

Our modern reliance on computer technology has opened a vast field of employment for those with training in Information Technology (IT), and online information technology schools can give you an edge over the competition. With a few months of online training in information technology, you could become a well-qualified computer information technician.

The study of computer information science has become widespread to meet the demand for information technicians, and there are many online information technology schools in operation around the US and Canada. I.T. training via distance learning has to be the most convenient computer education ever! Imagine learning the various functions of an information technician online, at your own pace, from your own home. You can learn how the UNIX operating system functions, how to write computer programs using C++ or Java, design efficient network systems, manage computer databases, and much more.

The best part about online information technology schools is the relaxed pace and flexible study times. Online schools for information technology are open 24 hours a day, allowing students to download books, tests, and assignments at their leisure and convenience. Take your time or accelerate your education in computer information science; online schools leave it up to you to determine your own timeline.

Online information technology schools offer a range of degrees in computer information technology, such as the Associate of Science (AS), Bachelor of Science (BS) or Master of Science (MS). If you are just starting out, you can take an online course in information technology to get certificates such as the Executive Graduate Certificate or Undergraduate Certificate in Information Systems with an emphasis in Computer Information Technology, among others.

And, if you are searching for a profession that offers an excellent salary range, you will soon discover that online information technology schools can put you right where you want to be. Depending on the extent of information technology training and experience, graduates can confidently demand salaries as high as $55,000 to $112,000 per year.

More Consumers Using Internet for Real Estate / Mortgage Information

2008-02-02T02:07:00.000-08:00

A record number of consumers are using the Internet when shopping for a home or mortgage. Back in 1995, only two percent of homebuyers used the Internet. By year 2004, that proportion had risen to 74 percent. The most recent survey shows 77 percent of consumers use the Internet for finding homes or related information. This information was reported by the National Association of Realtors in their new Profile of Home Buyers and Sellers study and report.

When persons who had recently purchased a home were asked where they first learned about the home they bought, 24 percent indicated it was the Internet. That percentage is up from 15 percent in 2004 and only 2 percent in 1997, according to the NAR survey. Many consumers check home listings in communities that interest them, then contact a local broker to arrange an inspection on one or more homes, and possibly handle the sales transaction. Others go to one of the “for sale by owner” Websites, then contact the owners direct to seek more information and pursue a purchase.

Still other use the Internet to obtain up-to-date information on the real estate and mortgage market, in preparation for purchasing and financing a home or selling their home. The Internet has become the consumer’s primary resource for real estate and mortgage information.

Why Condition Your Boiler Water?

2008-02-01T01:37:00.001-08:00

A boiler is used for generating steam. It does this by heating water to its boiling point, after which steam will evaporate from it.

When you boil a kettle of water, you will shut off the fire or electric power when the water comes to a boil.

No so with a steam boiler. Generation of steam is a continuous process. Once a boiler is generating steam, it may take quite a long while before it is stopped. When steam is evaporated from the water, new water has to be added in to replace the water given out.

As more and more steam is evaporated, the water becomes more and more concentrated with salts and other impurities. If you use your kettle for a long while, you will see some chalky deposits inside it.

The fresh water supplied to replenish those lost through evaporation cannot be pure and free from salts. Even minute quantities of salt in the water will eventually become so concentrated as to form scales or deposits. The deposits are usually calcium or magnesium salts.

These scales are very damaging to the boiler because they interfere with the heat transfer and can lead to overheating and eventually, boiler rupture.

Soft water is water that contains very little calcium or magnesium salts. They are used to feed the boilers. However, they tend to be acidic in nature.

Acidic water tends to corrode. This is not good for the boiler. Corrosion can weaken the boiler.

By treating the boiler water with chemicals, we can control the acidity of the water as well as the softness of the water. This will solve the problem with scales and corrosion, but it is not the ultimate cure-all.

The boiler water will continue to become more and more concentrated as the steam evaporates. The next step to take is to remove the concentrated water and replenish it with fresh, soft water.

What Is Geothermal Energy

2008-02-01T01:35:00.000-08:00

The phrase "geothermal energy" has been around for hundreds of years. The term "geothermal" derives from the Greek words; geo (meaning earth), and therme (meaning heat). This instantly gives us the quick definition, "geothermal energy is heat from the earth".

A common misunderstanding of geothermal energy lies in the source of this heat. The two sources which heat our earth are the earth's core, and the sun.

The earth's core is predicted to be between 3000 and 4000 degrees Celsius, and this heat warms the earth right up to the land beneath our feet, decreasing in temperature all the way.

The suns surface is approximately 5600 degrees Celsius. The heat from the sun only warms the first few meters of our earth, and then this heat is lost during the night.

So where does the misconception concerning geothermal energy actually come from? Well, many people believe that the fairly modern method of heating water by laying pipes under around 1 meter of earth, is geothermal energy. Many scientists disagree with this, as geothermal energy should be used to describe the heat energy dispersed by the earth's core.

The variant of geothermal energy which comes from the sun, should really be described as a ground heat source, due to the fact that solar energy is only able to heat the edge of our earth's crust, before the sun goes down and the heat is lost.

Over recent years, companies who used to promote "geothermal boilers" are now switching to the use of the term "ground source heat pumps", as a ground source heat pump uses the suns energy, not the heat energy from the earth's core.

The correct process of geothermal energy extraction is associated with geothermal power plants. This extraction is only made possible by drilling very deep holes into the earth, so they can reach a substantial level of geothermal energy to heat water and extract steam to drive turbines.

Popular Information Products Selling on Ebay

2008-01-31T02:42:00.000-08:00

I was surprised to find that there are many information products that sell well on Ebay that aren't on internet marketing. In fact, people seem to be very interested in certain specific wholesale lists . These actually outweighed other categories in the research that studied the top selling info products for the 3rd week in October on Ebay.

It makes sense that people would want to find wholesale items as this can be a way to buy low and sell high making a profit. These are often combined with popular items that can be found on Ebay pulse and include toys, dolls and electronics. The more specific the better such as a list of wholesale paintball items suppliers.

Within the miscellaneous category a few interesting findings came up including information products on hair bows as well as information products on dating. Also discounted ticket sources is a good seller. People are always looking for discounts for concert tickets, sports events and other kinds of performances.

Keep in mind that to sell a wholesale list itself, it is only permitted in the appropriate "Everything Else, Information Products, Wholesale Lists" category. Wholesale lists that are listed in other categories will be removed if someone reports it to Ebay.

If you are looking to sell something on Ebay, an information product is a good selection. You can use openoffice to create a doc file and that can easily be converted to a pdf file . Most computers now come with adobe reader on their hard drive so it's easy to open that type of file. An information product can sell quite well on Ebay depending on the category and topic.

How to Save Important Information in the Modern World?

2008-01-31T02:40:00.000-08:00

Some time ago my hard disk drive had been crashed. I tried to restore at least something from it using special services. But specialists were implacable: hard disk drive is dead without any possibility to restore any information. It's a great pity. I have lost a lot of useful information.

Each, who uses computers, knows that regular backups are necessary to save information from crashes or accidental deletion. It is ABC for each user. But is it true? Does backup copy of some important information guarantee its safety? I think that the answer is not.

How do you create your backups? What do you use? Right! You use another or the same hard disk drive, CD or DVD, floppy disks, streamers, etc. I.e. you use another electronic storage media. Is it safe? Yes and not. From one point of view, modern electronic storage media is quite reliable. But no one of them guarantees 100% of safety. I think it is true. Another hard disk drive, CD, DVD, floppy disk or something else where you keep your backup copy may crash as well. Probability of such accident is always greater than zero.

I create backups as most of you. I use electronic storage media as well. I write backup copies of necessary information at CD. But I do not believe in electronic storage media. Today I know only one reliable storage media. It was invented long time ago in ancient China. It is paper. I write all important information at the paper and I am sure that sheet of paper will not crash.

Business Credit Information - A Description of the Major Agencies of Business Credit Information

2008-01-30T01:24:00.001-08:00

There are a number of sources of business credit information in the United States and like personal credit agencies they keep track of businesses and companies and provide this business credit information to banks, financial institutions and other businesses upon request for a fee. Some of them include: Dun and Bradstreet, Kroll, Experian Business, BusinessCredit USA, Equifax Business and ClientChecker.

Dun and Bradstreet is perhaps the best known source of business credit information in the world. There are over 70 million companies registered with Dun and Bradstreet in the United States and they issue a number of reports on business include the DUNS Rating which is based on the financial records of the company and the Paydex Score which keeps track of the payment record of the business. Dun and Bradstreet collects business credit information from businesses, suppliers, customers and financial institutions and shares this information with registered businesses.

Equifax and Experian are two well known personal credit reporting agencies who have developed their business credit information gathering systems in the past number of years. This experience at the personal finance level has given them volumes of data which they use to build business credit information. Experian Business has over 14 million registered businesses in its data base and issues a business credit information rating called Intelliscore which is based on payments records only. Equifax Business gathers information from a number of public and private sources and produces a series of business credit information reports and scores from this data.

Kroll is a relatively new player in the business credit information market but offers added value service by verifying every piece of information that they receive from suppliers, businesses and financial institutions. Some experts believe that Kroll offers the most accurate business credit information of all the reporting agencies in this business.

BusinessCreditUSA is a lower profile business credit information operation that provides a cheaper service than any of the other business credit information reporting agencies but it also checks all of its information before posting its data on its system. It collects information just from the individual businesses and their owners. ClientChecker is a business credit information reporting agency that is dedicated solely to small business. It rates businesses using a PayQuo Score which is based on the payment experience of the business but it is very useful for suppliers who want to know the creditworthiness and ability to pay of their prospective customers.

With all of these options and more in the marketplace it is relatively easy to get business credit information on almost every business operating in the United States. Just remember that this information may not always be fully accurate or up to date.

HOME::Computers-and-Technology RSS

2008-01-30T01:20:00.000-08:00

Information security has become top priority in all companies. They are going through lengths to protect information and companies have realized that threats can either be from external source or internal.

There are many systems in place to combat external threats which can be in the form of Trojans, spyware or malaware. These systems ensure that the external threats are neutralized and no harm comes to the information or data.

However, the most difficult to control is internal threat. Employees in any company have access to data that can be confidential and privileged. At times, companies and organizations can face the problem of data or information theft. This could happen for many reasons. An employee can be dissatisfied with the compensation he is receiving or has a conflict with the management and can resort to data or information theft and resort to selling or leaking the information to a competitor.

There are many security systems available in present day to handle situations like these. Most organizations opt for external security systems rather than going for inbuilt ones. CCTV is one such tool which is widely used by organization to help them cope with data or information theft.

Any place where there is sensitive data or information, companies are installing CCTV so that no unauthorized access takes place. CCTV allows organizations to keep a close eye on employees and monitor their movements thereby preventing any form of theft. Anyone having access to sensitive data can be viewed on the CCTV monitor at all times. CCTV is extensively used in banks and research laboratories so stop data or information theft from taking place and it is seen that more and more companies are opting for CCTV in their premises due to the protection it offers.

Controlling power boilers - letters to the editor

2008-01-29T23:06:00.000-08:00

This letter refers to "Power Boilers in HVAC Applications," by Carl Shultz, P.E., from the September issue of ES (page 56).

The article by Mr. Schultz was both informative and easy to read. Too often, there is such little information published in the current trade magazines that is applicable to the power boilers in the HVACR field.

I noticed that Mr. Schultz made mention of parallel positioning control for power boilers in closing of the article. The firm I manage is in the process of retrofitting the major steam production plant boilers for the United States Air Force located at Hill Air Force Base in Utah.

The steam distribution system located on this base is the largest in the world owned/operated by the U.S. Air Force. There are four plants with eight, two, three, and three boilers respectively, each ranging from 40,000 pph to 80,000 pph, with installation dates ranging from 1954 to the early 1990s. The largest plant has some very unique operational criteria due to the fact that its also receives additional supply steam from a nearby incineration plant. It is nay understanding that this particular plant is extremely unique. All of the plant's boilers operate on natural gas and #2 oil. The application of the new parallel systems will also allow for the introduction of a third fuel source from a new proposed methane cogeneration plant.

Once again thank you for the publication of is article, I hope that ES will continue follow on articles about power boilers.

Bringing Bytes to Your Boilers

2008-01-29T22:58:00.000-08:00

Do your boiler plant controls need an IQ injection? New electronic control systems can help you stay on the information highway.

Modern electronic controls offer the central plant more power than ever before to control the big job steam boilers found in a campus central plant. These boilers, typically in the 40,000 lb/hr to 100,000 lb/hr range, are critical to the mission of the enterprise. Unfortunately, many of these big boilers are suffering from a lack of reliability due to the obsolescence of old pneumatic or electric controls. The time has come to learn how to bring modern electronics to bear on the reliability issue, and reduce energy bills at the same time.

Today's boiler plant is equipped with electronic (digital or analog) controls for each boiler to control flame monitoring, fuel and air valves, and startup and shutdown sequences. Further, the plant is equipped with a separate microprocessor, the plant master, which coordinates all boilers and equipment while recording data and providing a communications link. The modern plant master controller may be a proprietary combination of hardware and software specially designed for boilers or it may be a general-purpose industrial controller programmed for the needs of the plant.

Individual boilers have always had safety circuits to monitor the presence of the combustion flame and ensure that the fuel supply is completely shut off in the event of a flame failure. Redundant automatic valves in the gas supply piping or fuel train (Figure 1) shut off the fuel supply in the event of a boiler trip. Without such a system, the boiler could fill with combustible fuel and present the danger of explosion when the burner is restarted. Most boiler safety controls use a photoelectric sensor to confirm the presence of a stable, efficiently burning flame. If this flame is lost or becomes unstable for any reason, the fuel is shut off and an alarm is sounded.

In addition to flame loss or instability, the following can also cause a boiler shutdown (Figure 2):

* High steam pressure;

* Low or unstable fuel pressure;

* Low or high boiler water level;

* Low or high feed water temperature;

* Unstable boiler water level (foaming);

* Low or unstable combustion airflow;

* Incorrect combustion air damper position;

* Incorrect combustion air fan status;

* High, low, or unstable firebox pressure;

* High or low stack gas temperature; and

* High or low stack gas oxygen content.

In the case of a boiler safety trip in the fully automated boiler plant, the plant master controller takes over to increase the burn rate of other boilers or bring new boilers on-line, as required, to meet the plant load. The use of the plant master controller is not necessarily intended to replace the boiler operator, but it gives the operator time to safely determine the cause of the boiler trip and automatically transmits an alarm to others if required.

CLEARING THE AIR ABOUT REIGN REIGNITION

Central plant steam boilers typically produce steam at pressures upwards of 15 psig and are considered high-pressure steam boilers. Boilers rated at over 15 psig are labeled by the American Society of Mechanical Engineers (ASME) and must conform to required standards of material and construction. Pressures may run to 100 psig in a typical community steam distribution system and up to several hundred psig if the steam is used in a steam turbine cogeneration system. The additional pressure is required to overcome the pressure drop of the distribution system. Steam at these pressures is up to 200[degrees]F hotter than the steam used in single buildings heated with dedicated boilers. This means that the interior of these large central boilers is at least that much hotter than their smaller counterparts.

The real danger that lies in the loss of burner flame is the potential of an explosion, and the higher internal temperatures in large central plant boilers aggravate this danger. An explosion can be caused by either the burner attempting to relight the flame in a furnace full of combustibles or by the fuel-air mixture coming into contact with a hot surface or hot particle in the boiler.

To guard against either event, the fuel source must be shut off and kept off until reset by the operator at the boiler. The other controls on the boiler see that the water level is maintained as the unit cools and also that combustion air is circulated through the boiler to dilute the remaining fuel-air mixture below the threshold of combustion. This dilution or purging of the boiler combustion space must continue until the boiler is cooled safely below the fuel combustion temperature.

When purging is complete, controls confirm that fuel pressure is sufficient for burning. The controls then turn on the combustion air fans, monitor the air volume, and open the fuel valves in conjunction with energizing the ignition device.

All of the above procedures are controlled by the local boiler controls. Whereas older control systems were based on a combination of pneumatics and electric relays, their modern counterparts are either analog or digital electronic circuits. The newer, microprocessor-based controls are faster and monitor more elements of boiler operation than their electromechanical predecessors and improve the safety of the plant.

Residential Boilers

2008-01-29T00:08:00.001-08:00

Electric Boilers

2008-01-28T23:41:00.000-08:00

Fair Credit Reporting Act: What You Should Know About It?

2008-01-18T04:21:00.000-08:00

The Federal Fair Credit Reporting Act (FCRA) is designated to promote accuracy, fairness, and privacy of information in the files of every “consumer reporting agency” (CRA) or Credit Bureau. Learn what the law says and repair your credit today!

Most CRA are credit bureaus that gather and sell information about you, such as if you pay your bills on time or have filed bankruptcy.

They sell this information to creditors, employers, landlords and other businesses; and that's why you should be sure that the information they have on you is accurate and correct.

You can find the complete text of the FCRA 15 U.S.C. 16-81-1681u, at the Federal Trade Commission’s website (www.ftc.gov) but here you can find the summary of your rights.

1. You must be told if information in your file has been used against you

2. You can find out what is in your file

3. You can dispute inaccurate information with the CRA

4. Inaccurate information must be corrected or deleted

5. You can dispute inaccurate items with the source of the information

6. Outdated information may not be reported

7. Access to your file is limited

8. Your consent is required for reports that are provided to employers, or reports that contain medical information

9. You may choose to exclude your name from CRA lists for unsolicited and insurance offers.

10. You may seek damages from violators.

These 4 Last-Minute, Year-End Tax Strategies Can Save You Money

2008-01-18T04:20:00.000-08:00

FSI Tax Corp is alerting taxpayers to end-of-the-year actions they can take to reduce their 2006 tax bills. After the New Year, it will be too late to take advantage of many tax-saving opportunities, such as reducing 2006 income, exploring available tax credits and pursuing all legitimate 2006 write-offs.

1. Minimize your income

Because you are taxed on your yearly income, the simplest way to decrease your tax bill is to decrease your income. It may not sound like that’s a strategy that could save you money, but postponing income until 2007 can reduce your taxable income for 2006.

If you have clients, you can delay your invoices or push back due dates until after January 1, 2007. Unless a financial hardship requires immediate funds, wait a couple of weeks. It won’t count as income if you don’t receive it during this year, but you will still receive what you are owed. You will give your clients a needed break over the holidays and your patience will pay off in April. If you are an employee, see if your employer can delay your holiday bonus until after the New Year.

2. Tax Credits

People tend to focus on deductions more than tax credits when it comes to planning for tax season. However, there are many tax credits available that, if you qualify, can save you a lot on your tax bill. Below is a list of tax credits; detailed explanations of each credit can be found on the IRS website.

• Retirement Savings Credit: Available to low to moderate income level taxpayers who contribute to a retirement savings account. This credit can save up to $1,000 or $2,000 if filing jointly.
• Credit for Elderly or Disabled: Taxpayers earning a limited income may qualify for this credit if over 65 years old or permanently disabled.
• Adoption Tax Credit: If you adopted a child this year, you may be eligible for this credit which repays adoption expenses up to $10,639 in 2006 or about $5,000 for each adopted child.
• Child Tax Credit: Low-income parents with children under 17 years old may qualify.
• Child and Dependent Care Credit: This is for parents who have children under 13 and place their children in daycare or with babysitters so the parents can work.
• HOPE Credit: Students may qualify for a tax credit of up to $1,500 for tuition and fees assistance.
• Lifetime Learning Credit: A credit of up to $1,000 for which students (including part-time students) and students not in school due to pursuing a post-secondary degree or for a business purpose may qualify.

The Energy Tax Incentives Act was signed into law in August, and while critics of the law argue it is aimed at providing benefits to big energy companies, it also includes tax credits for consumers. Under the new law, taxpayers can take a credit for:

• Energy efficient home improvements, like insulations of windows and doors.
• Solar energy equipment for residences.
• Hybrid, fuel cell and other energy-saving or alternative energy using vehicles.
• Other energy equipment purchases, such as electric heat pumps and water boilers.

3. Deductions

In addition to delaying income and taking advantage of tax credits, loading up on deductible expenses in 2006 can also reduce your taxable income. Taxpayers need to be careful to only include legitimate deductions because every deduction will be scrutinized by the IRS. Here are a few ideas:

• Prepay your state and local taxes. If you withheld state and local taxes this year, and you plan to itemize, it would be advantageous to prepay the taxes now and the payment will count as a federal deduction.
• Increase your 401(k) contribution to cut your taxes and increase your retirement savings. Some 401(k) plans permit “catch-up” contributions in lieu of yearly contribution maximums. According to SmartMoney.com, a taxpayer in the 28% tax bracket can save $280 by contributing an extra $1,000. You are getting paid to save!
• Include additional deductible mortgage interest by paying January’s mortgage bill now.
• Don’t postpone paying tuition and university fees. Pay for next year’s education now and save. In some states, contributions to your 529 college savings plan can also be deducted.

4. Donate to Charities

The holiday season is a “season of giving” and a great time to donate to your favorite charity. Not only does it feel good to give to the less fortunate, but you can help yourself by donating before January 1st and including the contribution on your 2006 tax return. For more information on charitable donations visit http://www.irs.gov/newsroom/article/0,,id=164997,00.html.

You can also donate stock to charity, avoid paying taxes on the appreciation and deduct the full value of the stock.

For taxpayers looking for maximum generosity and time to consider how to give back, a donor-advised fund may be the answer. For a contribution of at least $10,000, you can deduct the entire amount now and disperse the funds over time.

In a Nutshell

There are many ways to work the tax system in your favor, as long as you are willing to roll up your sleeves and dig into the details. These last-minute, year-end tax tips are a good starting point.

Online Dating Tip: Honesty Is Essential But Remember To Exercise Constraint!

2008-01-11T02:50:00.000-08:00

Honesty in your online dating profile is essential; what is the point of attracting someone who is looking for an adventurous, outdoor loving, polo playing playboy, if you are really an accountant who likes nothing better than to watch the footie at home with a can of larger and a packet of crisps and has never travelled further than your nearest large city? The fact is there are plenty of people who are looking for a nice solid accountant that they can snuggle up with at home. So telling the truth is always better as you will attract someone who is actually interested in YOU!

However there is such a thing as being too honest and exercising some constraint when you are describing yourself is essential if you want to achieve dating success. There are a few common mistakes that people tend to make when they are too 'honest' in their dating profile;

Being too specific about what you don’t want; If you have spent any time at all browsing dating sites you will have seen headlines like 'time wasters need not apply' or 'I'm fed up of kissing frogs' or maybe ' no bunny boilers wanted here'. The trouble with this type of comment is that it makes you appear angry or bitter which is simply not appealing. Instead stick to things you are looking for and do make them specific, they'll say a lot more positive things about you!

Being self-critical; We all tend to feel a little nervous about talking about ourselves and a little self-deprecating humour can be attractive but describing yourself using negative words will just put off your potential dates. This where a little 'spin' can pay big dividends, you shouldn't be dishonest but carefully choosing your words will have a massive impact on your online dating success!

Take our accountant – he could describe himself as a footie loving, larger drinking couch potato with a flair for sums…which is probably accurate but doesn't paint a great picture; or he could describe himself as a professional accountant who loves to relax watching a little football and likes to balance his hectic business life with a his much loved home comforts, which is also true!

If you are a particularly curvy girl looking for a partner then deciding what to write can be fraught with difficulties. Try using words like voluptuous, rubenesque, shapely or curvaceous, which are appealing and accurate. These sorts of positive words give an impression of confidence and self-appreciation, which is an attractive quality in any potential partner.

Giving away too much; Your online dating profile is not the place to write your entire life history! It's an opportunity for you to introduce yourself and entice your reader to want to find out more.

Appearing too keen; You will need to describe the sorts of personality traits you are looking for in a potential partner. Spend some time genuinely thinking about what you look for in a potential partner e.g. positive attitude, sporting ability or an interest in music perhaps and mention it. Don't end up being too specific though as you may appear overly critical or difficult to please. It's easy to get the balance right – just make sure you focus on the things that are really important to you and leave anything out that wouldn't put you off talking to someone if you met them at work or in a bar.

You shouldn't be afraid to talk about yourself in glowing terms; after all you are trying to sell yourself! Describe some of your achievements or your hopes and desires for the future. Try to give an insight into the real you without giving it all away and tinge your honesty with a good old dose of optimism and positivity - it'll work wonders!

Team Communication Critical To Success

2008-01-11T02:49:00.000-08:00

I'm often asked, "Why is my team always fighting fires instead of preparing for changes?" Finding the answer may take some digging. Here are a few possibilities. Team members:

* assume others are already aware of changes and problems.

* have trouble determining what information is significant to share.

* perceive that they have limited opportunities to exchange information.

* are reluctant to bring up problems for fear of being labeled as "doom-sayers."

* fear the "shoot the messenger" syndrome.

* do not perceive that sharing information is part of the accountability they have to the team.

Team members don't normally withhold information on purpose. Failure to share information is usually the result of not knowing what others need, or assuming what might happen if and when certain kinds of information are shared.

How do you help your team stay on the leading edge? Establish a process which allows for proactive communication within the team.

Leveraged Information = MORE Website Traffic

2008-01-02T04:45:00.001-08:00

If leveraging unique or proprietary information is one of your fundamental strategies to increase unique visitor traffic to your web based business then it is important to understand seven fundamental information perspectives you can use to give your company the edge it needs to effectively compete in the marketplace.

As the internet continues to evolve and become more competitive, the dependency of the quality of the information you provide via your website becomes more critical to market niches.

As information processors we rarely, consciously think about HOW we absorb all the information we take in via the internet. It is reasonable to assume that two of our six senses, vision and hearing, represent the most significant means used to absorb information on the web. Although seeing copy and hearing sounds coming from information provided, it makes sense from a strategic marketing perspective, to take a moment to evaluate how virtual information can be best absorbed via seven fundamental information perspectives.

Seven Fundamental Information Perspectives

1) Information Exclusivity:

* How unique, original or proprietary is your website information?

* Infinite choices of common information equates to clutter and boredom.

* The “value” of information provided is always unique to every visitor

* Emphasizing the uniqueness of your information also gives it more worth

2) Information Quantity:

* How much website information is too much?

* Detail overload can quickly exceed site visitor’s interest levels

* Volume of information provided should correlate with the breadth of the information requirements of your targeted market niche

3) Information Distinction:

* How unique should your website words and terms be?

* Markets and industries have distinct information terms and sayings

* Try to “talk the talk” of your targeted market niche on your website

* Distinctive information can be the critical purchase decision variable

4) Information Accuracy:

* How accurate does your website information have to be?

* Information accuracy requirements correlate to the potential liability of negative consequences that result from information incorrectness.

* Earning the trust of your website visitors is an on going, consistent process

5) Information Timeliness:

* How “current” does your website information have to be?

* The speed of information delivery often adds perceived value

* Often competitive advantage goes to the source with the “information shortcut” * Out-of-date information is often associated with poor customer service

6) Information Interactivity:

* To what degree are website visitor responses critical to intended message absorption rates and communication effectiveness?

* Maintaining a dialogue with your visitor equates to increased loyalty

* Increasing dependency of visitor responses decreases broadcast effectiveness

7) Information Format:

* What is the most effective way to structure your website messages?

* Information absorption is best achieved in small increments

* Simplifying the visual structure of your website information “invites” readership

* User-friendly information navigation maximizes visitor website involvement

Every web based business is vulnerable to new competitors within their targeted virtual market niches. There will inevitably always be someone else who can provide the same or similar product, service or information in a different way or via other creative communication tactics. Although different is not always better, as a virtual customer solution provider you are obligated to always focus, understand and improve your website visitor’s perceptions and their ability to “get your message”.

Article Marketing - How Much Information Can I Give Away With Without Giving Away Too Much?

2008-01-02T04:36:00.000-08:00

One of the real keys with article marketing is that it is education based - so the idea is that you give the reader information - 250-300 words worth - and then give them the opportunity to get more information at your web site.

Article marketing doesn't really rely on any marketing or sales tactics to generate the demand - we simply give the reader information, the idea is that if we have done a good job answering their question, they will want to get more information from us.

Don't feel like you are giving away too much information when you fully answer a question or teach someone something in your articles. You see, people are going to judge your knowledge and ability to help them by what you write in your articles, and if you hold back a lot of stuff just so you can sell it later...you aren't going to make the cut with your readers.

If you don't have enough information that you can write 100 articles and not teach everything you know...you probably need to start learning some more!

One of the most important things to remember about article marketing is that you are using the articles to drive traffic to your web site.

Without traffic, you have no business online. It doesn't matter how good your product is, your web site is, or your sale page is, if you don't have traffic, you don't have a business. It is as simple as that.

So let go of the worry that you will give people too much free information. Give them whatever it takes to get them to come to your web site and discover how much more information you can give them there.

Electric Boilers

2007-12-19T22:37:00.001-08:00

Residential Boilers

2007-12-19T22:34:00.000-08:00

Do You Know The Dollar Difference Between An Information Site And A Traffic Site?

2007-12-14T00:54:00.000-08:00

He Who Controls the Information Controls the World

2007-12-06T05:34:00.000-08:00

Many believe that there is significant money to be made in the control, restriction and regulation of information. Some have said; He Who Controls the Information Controls the World. Indeed they may both be correct. We have all heard the saying; He Who Controls the Media Controls the Minds of the People. That is true enough for sure.

Can someone get rich by controlling the flow of information? Perhaps they can and many already have. There are many techniques for this, however, limiting flow of information, also limits ones growth, even being first to market in a specific sub-sector. Thus those who have set up information portals and websites, which restrict information of some type stand a lot to gain from it.

Of course the information must be superior in perceived quality other wise the information source will be passed by others with a quantity balanced approach to quality. I say perceived because I do not believe wearing a tie and suit in a photo, sporting a PhD or even writing a book makes someone an expert.

In the future there will be fakers and true information brokers making a lot of money in the virtual space. If these information entrepreneurs restrict the flow; like an afterburner they can see their profits blast into the future. But if they restrict the flow too tight then the pressure will find another outlet, the pipeline will burst and the information will find another way. This is how flows work in nature and this is how information works too. So, consider all this in 2006.

Selling Information to Informants

2007-12-06T05:31:00.000-08:00

Hot Water Wall Boilers range from 500,000-2,000,000 BTU

2007-11-27T05:31:00.000-08:00

Parker Boiler, launched its new 204WW Direct Fired Hot Water Wall Boiler. The Wall Boiler is available in sizes from 500,000 up to 2,000,000 BTU Input with bent tube all welded design. The WW Direct fired Boiler raises the efficiencies up to 87% on some models. The hot water boiler units are all designed to fit through a standard 36" doorway without disassembly. The 204WW boilers are available as straight gas fired, straight oil, or combination gas oil with a conventional power burner. Additionally, the WW hot water boilers can be equipped with a Low NOx Premix Metal Fiber Burner. These direct fired Low NOx boiler units are SCAQMD 1146.2 Certified to less than 20ppm and incorporate a VFD Blower.
About Parker Boiler

Parker Boiler manufactures a full range of steam boilers, hot water boilers, thermal liquid heaters, indirect water heaters, low NOx burners, water softeners, feedwater return systems, feedwater deaerators, blowoff tanks, storage tanks and boiler room accessories.

Higher Liquor Solids, Steam Pressure Characterize New Recovery Boilers

2007-11-27T05:15:00.000-08:00

Olympian in size, recovery boilers are getting faster, higher and stronger, but North America accounts for only about half of the newly installed units

Coming soon to a recovery boiler near you - even higher operating pressure? Still higher temperature? More exotic (and expensive) tube metallurgy? How about a leap to gasification technology instead? Or perhaps you need to know what to do with the recovery boiler you're operating now.

With the biggest, newest black liquor recovery boilers now tagged at approximately $150 million, the focus on chemical recovery operations continues to ratchet up in importance, whether your point of concentration is design, operations or business.
"Faster, higher, stronger" are the Olympian characteristics of leading-edge kraft mills, now built at 3,000 tonnes/day and still increasing, according to Esa Vakkilainen (Poyry Forest Industry Oy, Finland) at the recent International Chemical Recovery Conference in Quebec, QC, May 29-June 1. The triennial gathering provided a comprehensive platform of information from around the world to some 200 delegates via four days of presentation sessions and posters.

Vakkilainen offered a broad perspective in which to place today's kraft recovery systems, whether new or "experienced." The largest recovery boilers can now process 5,000 tonnes/day (dry solids basis) of black liquor, more than 25% higher than just five years ago and double that of a decade earlier. Superheated steam temperature continues to rise in order to maximize power generation.

During the past 10 years, two -thirds of the installations have been at existing mills. But over this period, North America has accounted for only about half the newly installed recovery capacity in (pick any one) Europe, South America, or Asia. The average recovery boiler in North America or Europe is about 30 years old. With a life expectancy probably not exceeding 40 years, time is running out rapidly.

Besides huge size, what other attributes can you expect in the most modern recovery boilers?

* Steam pressures now range up to 1,800 psig, temperatures to 500°C (but not necessarily both in the same boiler for the same reason)

* As-fired black liquor solids content of 80-85%

* Superior materials of construction (especially tubing) for corrosion resistance in what's essentially an industrial volcano

* Potassium and chloride removal systems

Other parts of chemical recovery plants are receiving attention too, such as high-rate, high-capacity black liquor evaporation systems (rated at 1,000 1 H2O/h) with seven or eight effects to reach percent liquor solids in the 80s. Without state-of-the-art evaporation, it is difficult to maximize the potential of a high-efficiency recovery boiler. These evaporation sets use duplex stainless steel for surfaces exposed to black liquor above 70% solids, plus heat treatment to reduce liquor viscosity.

A Phase Change?

So where does gasification fit into this picture of kraft recovery boilers? For now, it is only as a booster for incremental processing capacity. With the continuing technological development of conventional recovery boilers, their size, capacity and operational characteristics expand to meet the ever more gargantuan needs of modern kraft mill designs. Ongoing improvements in materials, sensing techniques, process control, and operational reliability provide very tough competition for any new technology to crack.

Gasification could be a competitor - perhaps, some day, somewhere - but it is a long shot. Ten years into development on an industrial scale at Weyerhaeuser's New Bern, NC, mill, the Chemrec high-temperature/atmospheric pressure form of this technology offers incremental capacity equivalent to -350 tonnes/day of pulp. It struggled with operational problems early on, and the refractory lining continues to pose a challenge (it lasts about two years). Chemrec also has a pressurized pilot gasifier under development in Sweden. But few people are imagining gasifiers that could compete head-to-head with modern conventional recovery boilers. Perhaps gasifiers will succeed on biomass earlier than on black liquor.

electric water boiler

2007-11-27T05:13:00.000-08:00

An electric water boiler, also sometimes called an electric dispensing pot, electric water heater, or electric water urn, is a consumer electronics small appliance used for boiling water and maintaining it at a constant temperature. It is typically used to provide an immediate source of hot water for making tea, hot chocolate, ramen noodles, or baby formula, or any other household use where clean hot water is required.

Electric water boilers are popular throughout East Asia but may be found in any country where tea drinking is enjoyed.

An electric water boiler consists of an insulated vacuum flask of several liters with an unexposed heating element in the bottom. It typically boils water when initially added and then maintains it at a set temperature slightly below the boiling point. Some models offer multiple temperature settings. Other models are part of larger water systems that boil water and provide hot, cold, and lukewarm water. Water is dispensed in some models by an electric pump and others by pressing a large button that functions as a diaphragm pump.

Homeowners Associations Should Impact Buying Decision

2007-11-21T20:24:00.000-08:00

Affordable housing today in most urban real estate markets equates to properties where the homebuyer is part of a homeowners association or HOA. Condominiums, town home’s and single family homes in planned communities make up the majority of consumers who benefit from the association providing some of the maintenance and management of their property or common elements. Mark Nash author of 1001 Tips for Buying and Selling a Home shares the ins and outs of being a member of a homeowners association.

-The function of most HOA’s is to manage the common elements (area’s of the property that all owner’s use and enjoy) of the property. The common elements can consist of: the grounds, exterior of your home and in some buildings the mechanical systems, hallways, elevators, stairwells, swimming pools, garage etc. Most HOA’s also are responsible for the financial management of the association and collecting assessments from all property owners in the association.

-Assessments are the monthly, quarterly or annual payment from the property owner to the association in exchange for the services provided by the association. The property owners assessments are based on their percentage ownership of the common elements of the association.

-Is a property under the management of a HOA right for you? If you like to close the door and forget about the day-to-day responsibilities of your home an HOA is a good choice for you. You have to be tolerant of other people who might have different needs and perspectives of a HOA. Over the years I have found living in three different HOA’s an enjoyable experience. The majority of other association members were flexible, but you won't be able to control those other owners who could impact your home ownership experience.

-The management style of your potential HOA is important and could impact your ownership experience. The management could be a professional property management company or self managed. Smaller HOA’s find self-managing the day-to-day operations more cost effective and hands on. Some potential buyer’s don’t like self managed associations because they feel it conflicts with why they are purchasing a property in a HOA, which is to compensate some one else to manage the day-to-day operations of the common elements.

-The financial management of your HOA will impact your personal finances.How the reserves (the portion of each assessment being put aside for future planned or unexpected needs of the association) of the association are allocated. Property owner’s on fixed incomes don’t like pro-active HOA boards to replace big ticket items like boilers, roofs, and windows because of the extra expense being passed back to them. Property owner’s who plan to move soon might not be long-term focused because they know that they will not derive all the benefit from the additional expense. If you are not a pet lover and move into an association that allows pets it could be a conflict, as you will might not be able to avoid pet noise or debris.

-HOA’s are managed by a board of directors or other entity specified in the declarations of the association. The board manages the financial and physical components at their control. If you are asked or are considering being on an association board, understand what is expected of a board member in your association. Determine if the association purchases insurance for board members.

-You and your attorney should carefully review the declarations, rules, budgets, and by-laws before you purchase a home in a HOA to see if you are comfortable with them. One item that you should be aware of is the percent of units in the HOA that are leased to non-members of the HOA. There are pros and cons concerning rentals in HOA’s depending if you will owner occupy, have an investment or seasonal rental interest.

Basement Floor Heating: Q&A

2007-11-21T20:22:00.001-08:00

I am seeking some current info on the latest technology for basement floor heating systems. We are planning on building a new home and I did like what my wife and I saw built into the house the students from Quinte built in Belleville.

A few questions about such a system:

1. Cost analysis of home heating using hot water forced hot air vs. Heating with a gas fired unit (a high efficiency unit)

Hot water heating - boilerA gas or oil-fired system, whether it be forced air, or hot water, or hot water forced-air, would be more expensive to install but less expensive to operate than an electric system, at this time. An actual cost analysis would be dependant on the design of the house, and which delivery method you use in which parts of the house. Also, the potential need for air-conditioning and/or dehumidification raises another variable. But basically speaking, gas and oil are cheaper than electricity, and hydronic/radiant floor heat is in most cases, more efficient than forced-air. You might want to provide some air circulation for a healthy, comfortable environment. But if this is for the basement area only - you couldn't do better than to heat the floor!

2. The availability of zone heating control in the basement area and whether this is necessary or just an excellent feature?

Again, somewhat dependant on design - and installation costs versus projected fuel savings, should be considered. Many over-designed systems are not recouping their initial cost in the form energy savings. A lot of them just aren't that much better than more conventional types. The Ontario Ministry of Energy, Natural Resources Canada, and CMHC are some of the better sources of information. CMHC publishes catalogues of free and priced publications on home heating. Call the CMHC Regional Office in Kingston at 613-547-0066 for a free catalogue of publications.

3. Who are the major manufacturers in today’s modern technological in-floor basement heating systems?

4. What sort of warranties are offered with such systems.

There are several different manufacturers of in-floor heating systems. I suggest you approach one or more reputable local heating contractor, and discuss your alternatives. Most heating systems installers are very knowledgeable about their product lines, warranties, etc., and actual installation alternatives with different systems.

In-floor hot water heating5. It would appear to be a closed system of operation but my concern would be for water deteriorating the workings of the heat exchanger as one does not appear to be able to control the alkalinity or PH of the water.

Everything can be controlled, for a price! Water conditioning is an extra installation cost to be weighed, although non-metalic tubing is used now for hydronic distribution, and boilers have come a long way since Grandpa stoked the big one in the cellar!

6. If one is installed, and later decides that due to mechanical failure after waranty, only uses the gas hot water for forced air heating for the upper portion of the house, do economics still point to having one installed in the first place or go with the gas fired furnace and live without having a heated concrete basement floor?

See numbers 4 and 5.

Recommendations on types of good installations

See number 4.

Any unusual preventative maintenance required by the homeowner.

Not that I'm aware of, at least not with modern, standard systems.

Gil, I hope I haven't burdened you with too much but the more info we have on these systems the better we will be able to make a "dollar and sense" decision. Thanks for any ideas you might have.

R.P.

I would have liked to be more specific, but there are so many type, style, cost, and efficiency issues involved, we'd be on here for weeks! I think the best place to start is with the CMHC catalogue of publications. Get as much material/data as you can on the subject, and discuss some of the alternatives with some installers. I think cost of installation vs. lifespan vs. running efficiency are going to be your three main items to weigh against each other. BUT again, the concept of heating the basement floor (from a comfort and efficiency point of view) just can't be argued! It is in my opinion, simply the best way to heat.

Basement Floor Heating: Q&A

2007-11-21T20:22:00.000-08:00

Advanced Climate Control Systems

2007-11-21T03:14:00.000-08:00

The process of heating a home starts when the thermostat measures a room's temperature. When a conventional thermostat switches the boiler on, the boiler will fire at full-blast for as long as it takes to heat the entire room to the desired temperature.

As a consequence of firing the boiler for so long, the water gets heated to a higher temperature than what is necessary to maintain a room at comfortable levels.
This ultimately results in wasted fuel consumption and higher heating bills.

While a conventional system will heat the water to temperatures as high as 200-degrees, an efficient system will allow that to occur only when the outside temperature drops to below-zero.

Unfortunately, a conventional system only knows what the temperature is inside the house, firing the boiler just as hard, regardless of the outdoor temperature.

Considering that below-zero temperatures occur in our area only about 2 percent of the year, while temperatures above 30-degrees occur more than 80 percent of the time, it makes better sense to fire the boiler accordingly. By installing a sensor on the north side of the building, the temperature of a home's hydronic system can be regulated according to the outdoor temperature.

On the rare times when the temperature drops to 10-below, the boiler will raise water temperature to whatever (generally about 200-degrees) levels are needed to offset the increased heat-loss caused by extreme weather conditions.

On the other hand, when it is 30-degrees outside, and the rate of heat-loss is substantially lower, water temperatures can be maintained at levels as low as 135-degrees.

As a general rule, for every three degrees a building's heating supply water temperature is reduced, fuel consumption is reduced by one percent.

A byproduct of these controls is increased comfort.

Because these systems do not follow the on/off principle, there is always just enough heat flowing through the distribution system, eliminating temperature swings.

The process of heating a home starts when the thermostat measures a room's temperature. When a conventional thermostat switches the boiler on, the boiler will fire at full-blast for as long as it takes to heat the entire room to the desired temperature.

As a consequence of firing the boiler for so long, the water gets heated to a higher temperature than what is necessary to maintain a room at comfortable levels.
This ultimately results in wasted fuel consumption and higher heating bills.

While a conventional system will heat the water to temperatures as high as 200-degrees, an efficient system will allow that to occur only when the outside temperature drops to below-zero.

Unfortunately, a conventional system only knows what the temperature is inside the house, firing the boiler just as hard, regardless of the outdoor temperature.

Considering that below-zero temperatures occur in our area only about 2 percent of the year, while temperatures above 30-degrees occur more than 80 percent of the time, it makes better sense to fire the boiler accordingly. By installing a sensor on the north side of the building, the temperature of a home's hydronic system can be regulated according to the outdoor temperature.

On the rare times when the temperature drops to 10-below, the boiler will raise water temperature to whatever (generally about 200-degrees) levels are needed to offset the increased heat-loss caused by extreme weather conditions.

On the other hand, when it is 30-degrees outside, and the rate of heat-loss is substantially lower, water temperatures can be maintained at levels as low as 135-degrees.

As a general rule, for every three degrees a building's heating supply water temperature is reduced, fuel consumption is reduced by one percent.

A byproduct of these controls is increased comfort.

Because these systems do not follow the on/off principle, there is always just enough heat flowing through the distribution system, eliminating temperature swings.

The process of heating a home starts when the thermostat measures a room's temperature. When a conventional thermostat switches the boiler on, the boiler will fire at full-blast for as long as it takes to heat the entire room to the desired temperature.

As a consequence of firing the boiler for so long, the water gets heated to a higher temperature than what is necessary to maintain a room at comfortable levels.
This ultimately results in wasted fuel consumption and higher heating bills.

While a conventional system will heat the water to temperatures as high as 200-degrees, an efficient system will allow that to occur only when the outside temperature drops to below-zero.

Unfortunately, a conventional system only knows what the temperature is inside the house, firing the boiler just as hard, regardless of the outdoor temperature.

Considering that below-zero temperatures occur in our area only about 2 percent of the year, while temperatures above 30-degrees occur more than 80 percent of the time, it makes better sense to fire the boiler accordingly. By installing a sensor on the north side of the building, the temperature of a home's hydronic system can be regulated according to the outdoor temperature.

On the rare times when the temperature drops to 10-below, the boiler will raise water temperature to whatever (generally about 200-degrees) levels are needed to offset the increased heat-loss caused by extreme weather conditions.

On the other hand, when it is 30-degrees outside, and the rate of heat-loss is substantially lower, water temperatures can be maintained at levels as low as 135-degrees.

As a general rule, for every three degrees a building's heating supply water temperature is reduced, fuel consumption is reduced by one percent.

A byproduct of these controls is increased comfort.

Because these systems do not follow the on/off principle, there is always just enough heat flowing through the distribution system, eliminating temperature swings.

Using Underfloor Heating as a Primary Heating System in Conservatories

2007-11-16T00:01:00.001-08:00

In the past, conservatories have been notoriously difficult to heat effectively. The greenhouse effect during summer months can produce almost unbearable temperatures, whilst cold winter days can result in ice-cold tiling. This vast contrast in temperature is a major reason why some conservatories are underused, particularly in winter. An effective heating system is therefore essential if a conservatory is to be enjoyed throughout the year by all the family.

Total (primary) heating a conservatory has traditionally involved hiring a plumber, extending piping and then attaining any relevant permission to perform the task. However, this option is generally too expensive and impractical, not to mention time consuming. Extending plumbing into a conservatory to facilitate radiators can put great strain on household boilers as they often struggle to cope with the extra heating demand. What’s more, heating a conservatory using this method involves heating the entire home!

It is these reasons why many people prefer freestanding heaters, which are affordable and easily installed. But freestanding heaters also pose problems of their own; they restrict the amount of space available and do not effectively solve the problem of cold tiling, still making the conservatory uncomfortable to be in. In summer, when heat is not always a necessity, freestanding heaters are either left to gather dust, or must be stored elsewhere. And when in use they can create hot and stuffy atmospheres that are unpleasant for people within the conservatory.

This is why electric underfloor heating is fast becoming the heating system of choice for conservatories. Not just a trendy household accessory, underfloor heating is low maintenance, affordable and effective at heating conservatories from the ground up, so the warmth is on the floor and not at ceiling level where you can’t feel it.

Unlike radiators or freestanding heaters, underfloor heating systems distribute heat evenly across the floor thereby solving the problem of cold tiles. As the heat naturally rises a cold conservatory will become comfortably heated throughout. Conservatory owners can then adjust the temperature as they see fit via a small, attractive wall-mounted controller.

In addition to this, underfloor heating has the potential to make a room up to 5% larger, since radiators and bulky freestanding heaters are not required. As a result, there are no limits to where you place your furniture, creating all kinds of interesting interior design opportunities.

Electric underfloor heating in conservatories can also be operated independently of your existing household central heating system so conservatories only need to be heated when necessary, providing a more efficient and cost-effective method of heating additional household rooms.

The ease of installation and ability to control temperature at the touch of a button has made underfloor heating a popular choice for DIY enthusiasts. With a wide range of mats, cables and controllers available, the equipment for heating your own conservatory can be purchased quickly and safely over the Internet.

Magnetic Advertising - The Only Way To Advertise

2007-11-16T00:00:00.001-08:00

Thousands of companies over the years have wasted money on printing leaflets and flyers, only to find that most of them end up being thrown away, or put in a kitchen drawer never to be seen again. Let’s be honest, we all have a drawer in the house somewhere that is full of old takeaway menus! However, the good news is that times are changing. Many businesses are waking up to the idea that magnetic advertising, in all its different guises, is the only way to go.

When one considers that the average fridge door is opened approximately 30 times per day, it is then easy to see why fridge magnets are considered to be so effective. To illustrate this point consider that an order size of 1000 magnets would be seen approximately 30,000 times per day and an order size of 10,000 magnets would be seen nearly a third of a million times per day!

Remember that it is not just fridges that can be used but also boilers, filing cabinets, vehicles or any other steel surface. Indeed by advertising your company name and number on a magnetic vehicle sign, it allows you to advertise whilst you are traveling and therefore increase awareness of your company. Magnetic vehicle signs are just a small proportion of what you would have to pay to advertise by other means.

Another product available is the magnetic business card. Unlike conventional business cards which are usually kept in a wallet and ultimately forgotten about, a magnetic business card is likely to be placed on your customer’s fridge or filing cabinet. Therefore your company name and number will be continually on display and never forgotten about!

Ask yourself how many times your business has missed out on satisfied customers using your services repeatedly. The answer is a very simple one. Many people quite simply forget the name or phone number of your company. Therefore, for a small price you can make sure this never happens to your business.

Also ask yourself the following question. If someone was advertising on your fridge (eg a takeaway, plumber, tree surgeon, taxi company etc) are you going to look through the phone book for another phone number, or are you very likely to ring the number on your fridge that you have seen 30 times that day?!?

In conclusion, magnetic advertising, by whichever means, is a great way to stay one step ahead of your competition. Do not waste time and money on leaflets or flyers because we all know where they end up!! Do not risk your company advertising being put in the bin when it could be on display all day everyday in someone’s kitchen or office.

Magnetize 2 Advertise is a company specializing in all forms of magnetic advertising. Several types of products are currently available including fridge magnets, magnetic business cards and magnetic vehicle signs. All these products are available in multi colour format and in various shapes and sizes.

Advanced Climate Control Systems

2007-11-15T23:57:00.000-08:00

Selection of the correct climate control device plays a critical role in determining a system's efficiency, an important purchasing factor for many homeowners.

The most advanced climate control systems available today, because they enable hydronic (water-based) heating systems to provide great comfort at lower water temperatures, can reduce home's fuel consumption by up to 20 percent.

How they work:

The process of heating a home starts when the thermostat measures a room's temperature. When a conventional thermostat switches the boiler on, the boiler will fire at full-blast for as long as it takes to heat the entire room to the desired temperature.

As a consequence of firing the boiler for so long, the water gets heated to a higher temperature than what is necessary to maintain a room at comfortable levels.
This ultimately results in wasted fuel consumption and higher heating bills.

While a conventional system will heat the water to temperatures as high as 200-degrees, an efficient system will allow that to occur only when the outside temperature drops to below-zero.

Unfortunately, a conventional system only knows what the temperature is inside the house, firing the boiler just as hard, regardless of the outdoor temperature.

Considering that below-zero temperatures occur in our area only about 2 percent of the year, while temperatures above 30-degrees occur more than 80 percent of the time, it makes better sense to fire the boiler accordingly. By installing a sensor on the north side of the building, the temperature of a home's hydronic system can be regulated according to the outdoor temperature.

On the rare times when the temperature drops to 10-below, the boiler will raise water temperature to whatever (generally about 200-degrees) levels are needed to offset the increased heat-loss caused by extreme weather conditions.

On the other hand, when it is 30-degrees outside, and the rate of heat-loss is substantially lower, water temperatures can be maintained at levels as low as 135-degrees.

As a general rule, for every three degrees a building's heating supply water temperature is reduced, fuel consumption is reduced by one percent.

A byproduct of these controls is increased comfort.

Because these systems do not follow the on/off principle, there is always just enough heat flowing through the distribution system, eliminating temperature swings.

Make climate control systems work for you:

While the technology of advanced climate control systems have been in use for many years, the larger part of the contracting community has been slow in adopting their use.

Because their wiring is more complex than standard thermostats, and require careful integration in a heating system, most contractors feel that they aren't worth the extra time and effort to install.

As a result, few homeowners are offered the chance to upgrade the quality and efficiency of their home comfort system.

Some boiler manufacturers integrate these controls with their boilers.

Find a progressive heating contractor and you’ll enjoy the energy saving benefits.

Electrical Jobs: Power Generation Operators or Plant Technicians

2007-11-05T02:01:00.000-08:00

Power generation operators or plant operators are at the source of the electricity production controlling the machinery that generates electricity. Power generation operators are in charge of the control and monitoring of boilers, turbines, generators, and auxiliary equipment in power-generating plants. In detail, it means that these plant technicians have to distribute power demands among generators, combine the current from several generators, and monitor instruments to maintain voltage and regulate electricity flow from the plant. If the power requirements change, power generation operators have to start or stop generators and connect or disconnect them from circuits.

For the operators working in plants with automated control systems, their work is mostly done in a central control room and they are typically called control room operators or control room operator trainees or assistants. Whereas in older plants, since the control for systems are not automated, switchboard operators have to control the flow of electricity from a central point and equipment operators have to work throughout the plant to operate and monitor the machinery that generates electricity including valves, switches, and gauges.

How does one become a power generation operator? For the students who want a career in this field, it requires a high school diploma but those who have attended college-level courses and had prior experience in a mechanical or technical job will be preferred. As with most entry-level operators, you will start first as helpers or laborers. Candidates must also possess good skills in mathematics, science skills and computer science. Selected candidates will follow an extensive training program before starting their duties as power generation operators. But they will also be given periodic refresher training consisting in simulating procedures and situations that might be encountered at the trainee’s plant.

In the U.S., there were about 47,000 power generation operators or plant technicians in 2004. About two thirds of them worked for electric power generation, transmission, and distribution companies, 20% in local government and the balance for manufacturing companies producing electricity for their own use. The job market for plant technicians is very limited and very competitive because of the slow pace of construction of new plants and deregulation of the sector. That’s why many potential candidates are looking into opportunities of operators or electrician employment overseas. Overall the employment rate of power generation operators is expected to decline through 2014.

Steam and Water Properties Formulation History

2007-11-05T02:00:00.000-08:00

Steam and water properties play pivotal roles in the design and performance of steam boilers, steam turbines, and other steam related equipment. Even little discrepancies in the determination of key properties, such as enthalpy, can lead to loss of thousands of dollars for the performance of turbines or boilers. These aspects impart tremendous importance to the accuracy of steam tables, which is mostly replaced nowadays by the computerized steam and water properties software.

During 1920s and 1930s, engineers and scientists desperately felt the need to agree on an internationally acceptable table, which should be reasonably accurate, for the steam and water properties that can be lawfully binding on the purchasers and suppliers. After many debates and long discussions international scientific and engineering community agreed on few initial tables of properties for a limited range of pressure and temperature. These tables were published in 1934 and became a vital tool for engineers and became famous as “steam tables”. Those international discussions gave birth to the organization called the International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam, or IAPWS.

The steam tables introduced in 1930s served the industries for about 30 years, but the need to upgrade the tables felt in 1960s when steam power stations operating regime started to be extended towards higher pressure and temperatures. By that time it became essential to impart more accuracy and to incorporate accurate experimental data into the steam properties table. Computers made tremendous impact in this regard and in 1967 a new formulation, IFC-67, became next version to be internationally acceptable.

In 1990s the need for further refinement in accuracy, reliability and speed of computation was highly felt and in 1995, IAWPS adopted a new version of steam and water properties known as IAPWS-95, which was vastly improved in comparison with IFC-67. Subsequently, the use of computational speed became a major criterion with the advent of personal computers and lastly in 1997, the latest version known as IAPWS-IF97 was formally adopted by the international community. IFC-67 was in use for nearly 30 years and meanwhile many tailor-made software were already in use in industry and academic world. Hence it was not so simple to introduce an altogether new formulation in 1990s.

In IF97, entire thermodynamic regime has been divided into five regions to facilitate faster computations and better consistency where specific formulation for each zone has been spelt out. The division into multiple zones, no doubt, has produced better consistency and a vehicle for faster calculation but raised questions about the output near zone boundaries, which in reality has no significance. IF97 took special precautions to minimize the discontinuities in boundary zones so that the computation results do not significantly affect calculations, especially the power cycles.

Advancements in IAPWS-IF97

Advancements achieved in IF-97 can be summarized as below:

· Increase in speed of computation
· In crease in accuracy
· Improved Consistency
· Introduction of higher temperature zone

It has been observed that on an average, calculations based on IF-97 are about 5 times faster (not in critical point region) than the formulation used in IF-67. Thanks to the introduction of backward functions, which helped in reducing the time taken in iterative calculations. However, the real life speed of computation vastly depends upon the programmer’s skill and computer processor’s power and the effect of speed becomes pre-dominant in computations involving finite element methods. Accuracy and consistency aspect has assumed major significance in IF-97 by aptly introducing latest experimental results etc. and the same has been thoroughly tested before adoption by international community. Introduction of new high temperature zone (zone 5) up to 2000 Deg C has helped the design of combined cycle plants. Other advantages of IF-97 are inclusion of speed of sound, which has helped in choke flow analysis and density as a function of temperature and pressure, which facilitates the computation of viscosity and thermal conductivity.

Effects of adopting IAPWS-IF97

Although not overwhelming, the transition to IF97 from IF67 had significant effects as with respect to output obtained using IF97 compared to IF67 and those can be summarized below:

· Change in latent heat of vaporization
· Change in enthalpy at superheated temperatures
· New formulation for metastable region

The improved accuracy, use of Gibbs energy equation and other scientific features of IF97 have given more reliable approach to the design and performance of steam based equipment. The main difference it has created with respect to IF67 is in calculation of heat rate, which has commercial significance. Some problem was encountered for the plants, which were designed based on IF67 and subsequently upgraded after the introduction of IF97 and those had to be solved with pain. However, the plants designed in late 1990s and in 2000s do not suffer from such controversies since international community largely accepted IF97.

Wood Boilers: An Improvement on the Traditional Wood Stove

2007-11-03T00:01:00.001-07:00

Wood boilers take the idea of the traditional wood stove and improve on it, solving some problems inherent in wood burning and making wood a clean, safe, and efficient source of heat.

Wood stoves have been used for centuries; a very famous American, Benjamin Franklin, invented the Franklin stove in the 1700s as a safe alternative to fireplaces, which were dangerous - likely to catch the mainly wooden homes standard back then on fire - and not particularly efficient. The stove provided radiant heat in a relatively safe manner compared to the open fires of fireplaces.

While wood stoves were supplanted by central heating decades ago in urban and suburban environments, in the country many people continue to heat their homes, as well as cook their meals, partly or entirely with wood. But problems remain in the use of wood as a fuel; while a properly maintained and operated wood stove is relatively safe, the build-up of creosote in stove pipes and chimneys can still result in dangerous fires.

Another problem is time. In an era when at least one person in the family spent the majority of the time at home, feeding a hungry wood stove was not a big problem; now, however, with adults working outside the home at least forty hours a week, if not more, having a fire go out means coming home to a cold house and, in extremely cold weather, dealing with the possibility of frozen and burst pipes. Also, walking away from a house with an active fire burning in the wood stove doesn't necessarily inspire a lot of peace of mind.

Enter the wood boiler. Designed to burn cleanly, with a minimum of creosote build-up, a boiler can be loaded with enough wood to burn for hours without having to replenish the wood supply. The boiler, which can be located inside or outside the home, heats water which can be used in hot water heating systems and, combined with a hot water storage system, can be stored for long periods of time (from seven to ten days) between firings.

Some boilers are constructed to be used with a variety of fuels, including wood, oil, and gas, offering a lot of flexibility to the homeowner, particularly with the fluctuations in the availability and pricing of different fuels. Other boilers are designed to burn corn or wood pellets, two more fuels which are increasing in popularity as alternatives to traditional fuel oil or natural gas.

With more consumers waking up to the problems inherent in heating with oil and natural gas, people are looking with renewed interest at alternative sources of fuel for heating their homes; and more and more are choosing wood boilers as a safe, sensible, and moneysaving solution.

Solar Boilers - Have the Sun Pay Your Energy Bill

2007-11-03T00:00:00.001-07:00

Residential hot water is a significant energy consumer for most households. In fact, hot water is sometimes the largest single energy cost. Using solar energy to provide at least some of the hot water in your household can result in significant savings.

There are several ways that solar energy can be integrated into a hot water system. Although solar boilers can be used on their own, they are most often used in conjunction with traditional water heaters which are powered by gas or electricity. In this kind of system, the water heated with solar energy can be used on its own (if it is hot enough) or as preheated water for the traditional water heater. Pre heated water will also dramatically decrease your energy bill.

Solar boilers can be used in any type of climate but are most practical in areas which don't have freezing weather during the wintertime. Solar hot water systems in colder climates can use indirect heating systems which do not expose the water to the freezing temperatures. Instead, a fluid that resists freezing circulates through the solar panels and is used to heat the water. Southern climates can use direct heating systems where the water itself passes through the solar panels installed on the roof.

There are two basic types of solar hot water systems -- active and passive. Passive systems rely on gravity and the natural flow of water from hot to cold. They are simple systems and require very little maintenance. They are durable and long-lasting. You can easely build simple systems yourself all you will need are parts that you can find in any hardware store.

Active systems make use of pumps to circulate the water. In some systems, the pumps can be powered with solar energy; otherwise they must be connected to the household electrical supply. In both systems a storage tank is needed to hold the heated water.

On hot days with plenty of direct sunlight solar systems can heat water with surprising efficiency. During this kind of weather, there may be no need to use electricity or gas as a backup. When the weather is colder, the solar heaters can preheat the water which passes into the traditional water heater. This preheated water requires much less energy to bring to proper temperatures which can result in significant savings on your energy bills.

As with all alternative energy systems there is a lot of room for your own imagination if you like that. If you don't you don't and just use the technology, but for those who like to play around with technology like myself these systems offer a myriad of possibilities to think about.

The New Bush Energy Tax Credit Can Save You Money on Taxes

2007-10-31T05:26:00.001-07:00

To your credit, you've practiced energy conservation and just purchased energy efficient windows and insulation for your house. You can transform this into an energy tax credit on your income tax. This is a true tax credit not just a deduction, in other words you can take a reduction (credit) on your taxable income.

President Bush's Energy Policy Act of 2005 was designed to encourage energy efficient fuels, cars, and heating and cooling sources. This act makes this a good time to purchase a new furnace, air conditioner, or energy efficient car, for example, because you can save twice. You can save on your income tax, and also on your energy bills.

You can take a tax credit on:

* Home improvements: windows, high efficiency heating and cooling devices, metal roofs, heat pumps and boilers
* Efficient cars: gas and electric, diesel, alternative fuel and fuel cells
* Solar energy: solar heaters and photovoltaic systems
* Fuel cells

Diesel and hybrid car energy tax credits will start to phase out after the manufacturer sells 60,000 vehicles or end for cars in service after Dec. 31, 2010. Tax credit amounts for other energy saving devices are subject to various restrictions, generally based on energy savings. So conserve energy, save money on your energy bills, and take advantage of the 2006 Federal energy tax credit. If you have purchased energy efficient cars or heating/cooling devices make sure you claim this credit on your income tax.

The business that you purchased the appliance or unit from will have data on eligibility. If you haven't, this may be a good time to replace that old furnace or air conditioner, or do some energy efficient home improvements, or get a new qualifying car. It will be to your credit!

What Exactly Is Mechanical Engineering

2007-10-31T05:25:00.000-07:00

Mechanical Engineering is Concerned with Mechanics,” broadest of all Engineering offshoots which deals with Mechanical processes, Mechanical skills, Mechanical designs or arts etc.

Mechanical Engineering involves the Physical usage for mechanism and functioning, design, manufacturing, installation, operation and maintenance of mechanical systems such as boilers, condensers, heat engines, air conditioners & refrigerators, machine tools, thermal power stations etc.

Kinematics, dynamics, statics, Energy conversion, Mechanics, Manufacturing and production, refrigeration and air conditioning are the foundation subjects of mechanical engineering. Mechanical Engineering also Engage its attention with other Engineering disciplines like Electrical engineering in electronics, Aeronautical Engineering in Fluid Mechanics, Civil Engineering in stress & Strain analysis, Computer Engineering in hardware manufacturing etc.

Mechanical Engineers are the creators. They not only creates new technology but also innovate for them.

HISTORY OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

After Beginning of Agriculture in eighteenth century, the most far-reaching, a qualitative change of human culture was the industrial revolution of Europe. During the early 19th century in England mechanical engineering developed as a separate field dealing with tools and machines. Before the industrial revolution there were only civil engineers (built bridges, buildings, etc.) and engineers of military (built fortifications, catapults, etc.). The first British professional society for mechanical engineers started in 1847.

Mechanical engineers continue to develop and apply new knowledge in order to produce safer, qualitative, and more efficient tools and mechanical systems.

A mechanical engineer will:

• know how energy gets converted to useful power(thermodynamics) .

• examine the wear and tear of machines and systems .

• prepare configurations and drawings of machines or machine parts.

• examine strength of material for a particular application .

• design advanced materials( machine design).

Protect Yourself and Your Loved Ones From Carbon Monoxide Poisoning

2007-10-29T22:42:00.000-07:00

Carbon monoxide poisoning is responsible for at least 400 accidental deaths and over 5,000 people are treated in hospital emergency rooms per year.

Unfortunately, carbon monoxide poisoning is often misdiagnosed as flu, food poisoning, allergy/asthma or chronic fatigue syndrome.

Children, the elderly, individuals with respiratory problems and pets are at risk, even at low levels.

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning are; headaches, nausea, drowsiness, vomiting, tiredness, pain, cramps and sleep disturbance.

Some people experience headaches and dizziness for almost 2 years prior to carbon monoxide poisoning diagnosis.

Carbon monoxide is a colorless, odorless gas that is highly toxic, making it impossible to detect with our senses.

Carbon monoxide is produced by incomplete combustion in household appliances like furnaces, boilers, water heaters, stoves, ovens, fireplaces as well as well as automobiles.

Tips to protect yourself and your loved ones:

1) Install carbon monoxide detectors in your home

2) Have your appliances (boilers, furnaces, stoves, water heater, fireplaces) checked and serviced by a reputable heating company.

Be sure they are equipped with a professional carbon monoxide analyzer.

If they tell you they don't have one, find another company!

3 Do not use unvented appliances (kerosene heaters, barbecue grilles) in the house.

4) If you have a garage that is attached to your home click here.

5) Any time you strengthen the insulation properties or add a ventilation fan you should have your appliances checked to ensure the upgrades have not compromised the ability of the appliances to safely draft the combustion products from the house.

Steam Boilers

2007-10-29T22:41:00.000-07:00

A steam boiler is a covered container that furnishes a method for combustion heat to be transferred into water until the water becomes steam. The steam is then utilized for transferring the heat to a procedure.

When water is boiled into steam its volume swells about 1,600 times, generating a force that is highly unstable. This is a very commendable means for transferring heat for a process, but it can also be exceedingly hazardous. Steam boilers are utilized in many diverse applications. Their only function is to make use of water and transform it into steam. There are some boilers that heat the steam until it exceeds the boiling point temperature. This is also known as superheated steam.

Steam boilers have a number of trappings to function efficiently. One of them is an aquastat. It fulfils two objectives. It monitors the temperature in which the boiler functions, and furnishes a low-voltage transformer and relay to run the circulator.

Several circulators require extra relays or a multiple control panel. A valve known as a regulator regulates water pressure.

A check valve or backflow prevents water from drifting into the domestic source, in case the pressure inside the boiler becomes more than the domestic water pressure. A temperature-pressure relief valve relieves the system if the water pressure or the temperature becomes greater than the capacity of the boiler. Water increases in volume and correspondingly shrinks as it is heated and cooled. This necessitates the presence of an expansion tank.

Steam boilers function at various water levels. A steam boiler is not filled with water. With the aim of generating steam, the water is reserved below the top of the water jacket. A float valve with a sight glass routinely monitors the water level. Steam progresses through the pipes to the radiators under the impact of its own pressure. As the steam makes its way through a radiator it cools and condenses into water. Following this, gravity puts the water back into the boiler to replicate the cycle.

What Is Geothermal Energy

2007-10-25T04:35:00.000-07:00

Are You Living In A 'Green' House?

2007-10-25T04:34:00.000-07:00

Going green may not be as simple as we’d like it to be but now thanks to companies such as British Gas, the race to go green by suppliers has suddenly picked up pace and make it a whole lot easier.

Unfortunately whilst more options are becoming available, cheap gas and cheap electricity still remain to be seen.

Back in the 2007 Budget, we heard how Gordon Brown is making changes that will help us meet the government’s target of reducing carbon dioxide emissions by 60% from 1990 levels by 2050.

This announcement included the introduction of green mortgages, helping families make energy efficiency improvements to their homes via their banks and building societies, for which Mr Brown is still in discussions.

The timing of these proposals falls well, with news of a mandatory energy efficiency assessment and Energy Performance Certificate (EPC) needing to be issued before you are able to sell your home after May 2007.

Many local authorities are starting to team up the likes of the new British Gas Green Energy company, providing easy access to companies specialising in supply and installation of energy efficiency and then reducing the price of your council tax by upto £500, depending on your area and what you’ve had installed.

So how does this work in your favour, come 1st June 2007?

If you take advantage of the new energy efficiency loans being offered and make your home more energy efficiency with solar panels, new efficient boilers, etc. you’re bound to receive an excellent rating on your EPC.

Not only would you receive an excellent rating but also your house suddenly becomes a lot more desirable to any potential buyer due to the lower stamp duty it will attract, providing your house does not exceed £500,000.

Information About Goodman Air Conditioning

2007-10-24T03:57:00.000-07:00

One of the most well known companies in the field of air systems is Goodman air conditioning. Its reputation is a well-deserved one based on its service and the high quality control of its products. In business for many years now, Goodman air conditioning has worked hard to earn its reputation and stands out from the many other companies offering air conditioning systems. The many new companies that have sprung up in recent years cannot compare at all to the reputation of Goodman air conditioning. With more experience and technical knowledge, the company has earned the high level of respect it enjoys throughout the industry. When you are looking to own only the best air conditioning systems, this company has the products and services that will ensure that your air conditioning needs are met for many years to come.

There are several reasons that the Goodman air conditioning may be the best company for you to choose when looking for an air conditioning system. The company knows its business inside and out and has spent a great deal of time and money training its service technicians to provide the best service possible. They have been in business longer than just about any other company has and use that experience and knowledge to produce high quality products. Due to their reputation in the industry, you can be sure that you are getting the best quality products and services from Goodman air conditioning.

Goodman air conditioning will install, clean and maintain your air conditioning systems, which is something that not all companies offer. This is just one of the reasons to choose the products of Goodman air conditioning. No one should have to spend as much money on service and repair of their units as it costs to purchase them. If you do your research, you will discover that Goodman air conditioning is one of the oldest and most trusted names in this field.

There is really no need to look anywhere else for high quality products once you compare this company to others. Therefore, if you are looking for a great company with exceptional products, then this is the company for you to check out. You can choose a find air conditioning unit and it will be affordable and work like a charm.

Geothermal Information On Heating Systems And Energy

2007-10-24T03:54:00.000-07:00

You are keen to brush up your awareness on geothermal energy sources. Do you have any FAQs pertaining to geothermal information? Well, this article may be able to answer some of your queries.

The word geothermal is derived from the Greek words 'geo'. Geo means earth and 'therma' means heat. So, combined together, geothermal means heat from the earth.

There are a number of natural sources for geothermal energy. The Enhanced Geothermal Systems or the hot dry rocks, hot springs, magma and hot geysers are a part of volcanic activities. The geopressured and hydrothermal brines are some of the examples of geothermal energy sources.

More than twenty countries around the globe use geothermal energy for the generation of power. These countries include the U.S. France, Iceland, and Peoples Republic of China, Japan, Italy, New Zealand, Kenya, Mexico, Costa Rica, Indonesia, Russia, Philippines and Nicaragua.

Quite an impressive list of countries, wouldnt you agree? Well, these countries have opted geothermal heating systems for a simple reason. These systems offer unmatched benefits over the traditionally used cooling and heating systems. Geothermal heating also helps to lower the costs of operating. It is the only system that can cut the utility bills by thirty to fifty percent as compared to conventional cooling and heating systems.

With an environment-friendly impact, these systems are a reliable ground source which is used for heating. It is naturally renewable as well as non polluting. Geothermal systems have low maintenance costs because all of its equipments are protected either underground or indoors.

The life span of the geothermal systems is remarkably long. It has a life expectancy of almost thirty years. As a matter of fact, the ground loops are even warranted for up to fifty years. You can find out more about geothermal heating and cooling at => http://www.geothermalheatingcost.com

Another benefit of a geothermal system is that it is a single system which provides both cooling and heating. These systems are also able to drafts and provide better indoor comfort. Geothermal systems can also be inexpensively and easily expanded. It can be subdivided to fit building additions or remodeling, as they are designed for flexibility. These systems are also energy efficient and are extremely safe. Users dont face any danger of carbon monoxide poisoning or gas leaks.

Geothermal system is packed with a number of advantages, particularly economic. The key economic advantage of a geothermal cooling and heating system is that it is highly energy efficient. For every unit of energy that it utilizes, it produces 2.5 to 3.5 units of heat. This makes its average efficiency almost three hundred percent! This means you dont have to spend sleepless nights worrying about the bills!

Thus, a geothermal system provides a user with utmost convenience, quality and comfort. It gives the highest value for each dollar spent on its purchase. With this discussion pertaining to geothermal information, do opt for it now!

Hot Water Boilers

2007-10-23T00:23:00.002-07:00

A hot water boiler is an enclosed container that allows heat to be transmitted into water till the time it becomes heated water. The hot water is then effectively utilized for transferring the heat to where it is needed. A hot water boiler is filled with water, unlike the steam boiler.

However, like the steam boiler, hot water boilers have many add-ons to function effectively. The presence of aquastat serves a two-fold objective. It monitors the temperature in which the boiler runs, and offers a low-voltage transformer and relay to control the circulator.

A majority of commercial buildings, manufacturers and businesses employ hot water boilers. Water is heated to dispersing temperatures, characteristically 140-180ºF, and generally put back about 20ºF lower.

These structures are called "closed loop," with nominal fresh water make-up. Hot water boilers are favored since they generally do not call for operators or complex water chemistry. As they function at lower temperatures, hot water boilers can perform at greater fuel-conversion efficiencies than steam boilers.

Some of the characteristic features of a hot water boiler include low water fuel cutoff and a safety valve. Low water fuel cutoff dries up the supply of fuel to the burner during low water conditions in the boiler. The low water fuel cut ff is positioned 2" to 6" beneath the boiler water level.

Low water fuel discontinues operations using an electric probe or a float sensor. When the sensor displays a low water state, a contact to the main burner control circuit unlocks and blocks the fuel.

Low water fuel cutoffs should be checked regularly based on usage or necessities. If a low water condition is not correctly gauged there are chances for the boiler to overheat. Under these circumstances boilers are likely to be damaged for good. Safety valves are the most significant devices on a boiler. They unbolt to vent pressure that climbs over the maximum boiler operating pressure.

Gas Boilers

2007-10-23T00:23:00.001-07:00

Gas boilers normally extract the air they require for combustion either from inside the heated area or straight from the outside. Extracting air directly from outside, characteristically via a plastic pipe that moves through an outside wall, is more effective and secure.

This system is generally referred to as ‘sealed combustion’, since the gas is burned in a chamber that is blocked to engaged areas. This arrangement almost removes any hazard in the event of combustion gases seeping out into engaged areas.

The efficiency of gas boilers can be greatly increased by incorporating motorized dampers that block the flue pipe outlet when the boiler is not in use. This helps in preventing the loss of heated room air between boiler cycles. Another way to increase the efficiency of gas boilers is by using electric ignition. This does away with the necessity for a standing pilot light.

Gas boiler efficiency can also be enhanced by fan-assisted combustion systems, which do not call for a very big natural draft chimney and can be relieved through a minor flue pipe straight through a wall. Gas boilers, in reality, operate best at full load. When their intensity is lessened, they can drop by as much 20 percentage points in efficiency.

If building requirements are diverse, as is common in commercial buildings, multiple boilers are considered to be highly suitable. Generally, small gas boilers that function effectively are considered a better option than the most suitable of the bigger gas boilers. As has been observed, a number of small boilers can function more competently than a single big system. The reason is that each gas boiler can function frequently close to its full load, which is the most important yardstick for a gas boiler to function in an effective manner.

Electric Boilers

2007-10-18T23:25:00.000-07:00

Residential Boilers

2007-10-18T23:24:00.000-07:00

Espresso Cappuccino Machines

2007-10-15T04:29:00.000-07:00

While espresso is pure coffee and water, cappuccino can be best described as one-third steamed or frothed milk and espresso. Cappuccino is prepared using milk and espresso. Like espresso, it is an Italian beverage.

One of the most important elements while preparing cappuccino is the temperature and texture of the milk. One of the best ways to create cappuccino is to create microfoam. Microfoam is created by introducing thin air bubbles into the milk.

Most machines which prepare espresso can prepare cappuccino too. Like espresso, cappuccino requires a pressure of at least 9 bars of pressure. The pressure is created by a pump. Cappuccino making machines also either have a thermo block or a heater/boiler.

Some cappuccino makers also have a specialized milk frother. This separate milk boiler is accompanied by a frothing wand, which makes the switch from an espresso maker to a cappuccino making machine complete. The thermo block is a heating element. Water is passed through the thermo block while on its way to the pump.

Usually, boiler machines are much more expensive and take a longer time to heat up, and also take up a lot more maintenance, as compared to machines with a thermo block.

Cappuccino making machines are made up of stainless-steel boilers, two thermostats, water reservoirs and two nozzles. The water reservoirs can be up to 40 ounces. Self priming cappuccino machines can prepare single or double shots of cappuccino within minutes.

The right temperature and pressure are the most important factors while making espresso or cappuccino.

Some machines available in the market with the thermo block pump, which is very important for creating cappuccino, are the Krups 968-41 Novo 2300 Plus Automatic Cappuccino Machine; the Delonghi EC140B Pump Driven Cappuccino/Espresso Maker; and Gaggia Coffee.

Wood Boilers Save Money And The Environment - Gasification Wood Boilers Efficient And Clean Burning

2007-10-15T04:28:00.000-07:00

If you are like most people, you have watched energy costs skyrocket in the last few years. Well guess what? Prices for oil, natural gas and electricity will only go up. Want to begin saving hundreds, even thousands of dollars on your yearly heating and hot water bills?

Modern wood boilers utilize gasification burning technology to get an amazing 87% energy efficiency from traditional wood fuel sources. These wood boilers utilize a combustion technology called 'Gasification' to capture, extract and transfer this energy that typical wood furnaces simply waste.

As the wood is burned in the firebox, fresh air is blown downwards through the logs and coals. As this hot smoke and air mixture is forced into the combustion chamber, it is mixed with a second jet of super-heated air. This results in a torch like combustion of the retained gases, at spectacular temperatures exceeding 1800 degrees.

The result: almost all the gases are burned, with little residual soot or creosote, and the extra energy extracted is transferred to a full jacket heat exchanger. This extraordinary process allows gasification wood boilers to achieve overall heating efficiencies of almost 90%!

A long burn cycle of up to 8-10 hours, means less hassle, more comfort.

Gasification wood boilers burn cleanly, with little creosote or ash, almost eliminating the risk of chimney fire. With virtually no exhaust gases, they help ease the burden on the environment, and greenhouse gas emissions, while burning wood, nature's oldest renewable fuel.

Did you know you can install and integrate wood boilers with your existing heating system, so when you are not home, your conventional furnace conveniently runs? When you return home, it's back to the savings! Burn any kind of wood you like, including pallets, chip, waste, and even fresh cut green wood. No waiting years for your wood piles to cure.

Alternative Fuel Boilers, a division of Dunkirk Metal Products, is proud to offer the Econoburn™ line of wood gasification boilers.

Established in 1946, Dunkirk Metal Products combines over 50 years of metal fabricating experience, with state of the art manufacturing technology, including lasers, turret presses, and automated welding systems, to deliver a superior wood boiler product, custom designed and made in the U.S.A.

Get an Espresso Machine and Brew the Best Espresso in Town!

2007-10-12T03:06:00.000-07:00

If you want to make homemade espresso and save tons of money from signature coffee, then you need to have an espresso machine at home. Espresso machines are efficient and convenient for making espresso by forcing almost-boiling water through coffee beans that are finely ground. They are made up of a boiler, water tank, a pump, and a brew head.

Parts of the espresso machine

The tank has hot water and the boiler heats it up. The brew head has the portafilter where the coffee is tamped or pressed before brewing. Then, the pump extracts the shot that is usually in a preheated shot glass or demitasse. Most espresso machines can produce 30mL (single shot) to 60mL (double shots) servings.

Your choices

Steam-powered: They use steam to force water through ground coffee beans, resulting in dark, strong, and mildly sour coffee.

Semi-automatic: There is more control over water flow to allow the boiler reservoir for refilling and beans are manually added.

Super-automatic: Every function is automatic and they come with a waste box for collecting the beans. However, the quality of the brews are inferior compared to semi-automatic and manual ones.

Manual lever: They require more skill with the hand lever for pushing the water through coffee beans. But they eliminate the sour taste from steam-powered models.

Full automatic: Similar to semi-automatic but they have more controls to stop or start the brewing according to preset times. They are ideal for those who like convenience and speed over high-quality brews.

Pick your machine

When shopping for espresso machines, check on the bar pressure and the material of the boiler. Choose one with 9 pressure bars. There are also those with 15 to 18 bars for highly specialized brews. Meanwhile, boilers are available in brass, copper, stainless steel, or aluminium.

Solar Hot Water - What Solar Panel Systems Work On Combi Boilers

2007-10-12T03:04:00.000-07:00

Most Solar Panel systems should work with your combination boiler. The solar system generates hot water that is not going through the combi boiler. However you do need a new cylinder tank to fit a solar system to your boiler. The 4th generation of solar panel works by heating a fluid which is pumped into an element into your hot water tank. The element heats the water and then comes out through your system. You do need a pressurised cylinder tank though for it to work on a combi boiler.

These enclosed evacuated tubes on the solar panel are mounted on what is called a Solar Collector. The radiation from the Sun activates a coating that in turn heats up tubes on the inside. I must warn that there are cheap imitation systems about cost £2500 to £3500 from DIY supply only websites.

They are call Flat Panel Collectors. These only have water flowing through them that gets warm in hot weather. If you live in Spain; Greece; Thailand one of these systems will do you well. However if you live in the UK what has the weather done in that last week. Yeah right. So you would be having a very cold shower. 4th Generation Solar Panel are the suited best to UK climate conditions. They cost a bit more and you do have to have them professional installed by a Qualified Solar installer.

Geothermal Information On Heating Systems And Energy

2007-10-11T04:29:00.001-07:00

Methods of Improving Boiler Efficiency

2007-10-11T04:28:00.001-07:00

With the rising cost of fuel prices, industries that use steam boilers for heating or power generation are hard pressed to operate at peak efficiencies.

While steam consumption, leakages, and other heat transmission losses can contribute to the overall energy bill, this article focuses on the heart of the steam generator - the boiler.

Controlling the boiler is of utmost importance in any steam generation energy saving program. Below are some ways to improve boiler efficiencies:

* Reducing excess air
* Installing economizer
* Reducing scale and deposits
* Reducing blow down
* Recovering waste heat from blow down
* Stopping dynamic operation
* Reducing boiler pressure
* Operating at peak efficiency
* Preheating combustion air
* Switching from steam to air atomization
* Switching to lower cost fuel

Reducing Excess Air

By far the most common reason for energy inefficiencies in a boiler can be attributed to the use of excess air during combustion at the burners. When there is more air than is required for combustion, the extra air becomes heated up and is finally discharged out to the atmosphere. However, there are reasons for putting in some extra air for combustion - to compensate for imperfect burner fuel-air mixing conditions, air density changes, control system "slop", burner maintenance, fuel composition and viscosity variation, and imperfect atomizing steam or air controls for burners.

Adjusting the fuel-air ratio for combustion can be quite tricky. If the fuel is too much as compared to the air, incomplete combustion occurs. This will give rise to carbon soot deposits inside the combustion chamber or even over the boiler tubes.

The consequences of having soot deposits over the heat transfer surfaces and the potential of having explosive flue gases inside the boiler are much worst than losing a slight amount of energy through the exhaust stack. Therefore, many boiler operators choose to adjust their burners to be slightly on excess air.

Installing Economizer

This is only appropriate if there are insufficient heat transfer surfaces in the boiler. The economizer tubes may contain either circulating boiler water or circulating feed water. Because the temperature of the exhaust gases can be quite high, the economizer tubes may be fitted with safety valves to avoid over-pressure damage. Also temperature control of feed water is required to prevent pump airlock. To avoid corrosion, careful design is needed to ensure that the exhaust flue gas temperature does not drop below the dew point.

Reducing Scale and Deposits

For any boiler operation, this is a must. The safety of the boiler is at stake. Any scale or deposits will lead to reduced heat transfer that will eventually lead to overheating, reduction of mechanical strength of the steel and finally to bursting.

This should already be in the normal daily procedure of boiler operation.

Reducing Blow down

Blow down of boiler water is discharging hot water into the drains. However, blow down is necessary to maintain the boiler water concentration of dissolved solids that are necessary for conditioning the boiler water. The dissolved solids are necessary for preventing boiler corrosion and scaling.

As steam is generated from the evaporation of water, the remaining water in the boiler becomes more and more concentrated. This must be drained away during blow down.

The challenge is to control the draining to the minimum.

Recovering Waste Heat from Blow down

Since it is necessary to blow down to control the total dissolved solids in the boiler water, methods can be adopted to recover back some of the heat from the drained hot water.

Blow down tanks, heat exchanger tubes and pumping arrangements can be fabricated to recover some of the heat back into the boiler.

Stopping Dynamic Operation

Whenever a boiler starts or stops, a few minutes are spent running the forced draft fan for purging the combustion chamber of unburnt gases. This is a necessary step for the safe operation of a boiler.

During this time the heat from the boiler water in the shell or tubes will be lost to the purging air.

To avoid this type of losses, it is better to maintain a steady firing condition in the boilers.

Reducing Boiler Pressure

By reducing the boiler pressure, some of the heat losses through leakages or transmission may be reduced slightly. However there can be problems with the boiler with reduced pressure. The boiler circulation may be upset and the steam lines may have insufficient capacity and flow to transport the low pressure steam.

Operating at Peak Efficiency

When operating two or more boilers, improved efficiency can sometimes be obtained by unequal sharing of the load so that the combined load operates at peak efficiency.

Preheating Combustion Air

Any heat loss from the skin of the boiler to the boiler room can be utilized back for combustion. By preheating the intake air the combustion in the furnace becomes more efficient.

Switching from Steam to Air Atomization

For burners with steam atomization, switching to air atomization will naturally result in less steam consumption overall and better boiler efficiencies. This is only applicable for heavy fuel oil burners.

Switching to Lower Cost Fuel

When comparing natural gas and fuel oil, if the cost is the same or more per BTU delivered, switch over to fuel oil.

The reason for this is that in the combustion process, hydrogen combines with oxygen to form water. The latent heat of vaporization is lost when water vapor leaves the boiler stack.

Fuels like natural gas with higher hydrogen to carbon ratio will lose this heat more than those with lower hydrogen-carbon ratio like fuel oil.

Commission recommends lift of C&D restrictions in Maine

2007-10-08T02:53:00.000-07:00

A task force examining waste-related issues in Maine has recommended repealing a state law that limits the use of wood from construction and demolition debris in biomass boilers, according to a report in the Bangor Daily News (Bangor, Maine). The state approved legislation in 2006 that limits waste-to-energy plants to using no more than 50 percent C&D debris for fuel per year. The cap has come into question because it would hinder the plans for a new C&D debris boiler proposed for Athens, Maine, by a company called GenPower, according to the report.

Members of the Blue Ribbon Commission on Solid Waste Management have voted 4-2 to recommend lifting the ban. The commission is completing its recommendations before submitting them to the state legislature.

Boilers

2007-06-01T05:38:00.000-07:00

This full-color brochure features the GX Series boiler and includes detailed information concerning the boiler's benefits, design, and performance features, along with color photographs, schematic illustrations, and charts. A general specification chart compares the size, maximum pressure, gas type, maximum 3-in. vent, gas line size, and certifications for both the GX150 and GX200 models.

U.K. Task Force Urges Government to Rely on Biomass for Heating

2007-04-25T05:35:00.004-07:00

The U.K. Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs (Defra) recently announced that the Biomass Task Force -- a body commissioned by Defra and the U.K. Department of Trade and Industry (DTI) in October 2004 to help the British government and industry develop biomass energy in support of renewable energy targets and sustainable farming and forestry and rural objectives -- has concluded in a new report that biomass could reduce the nation's carbon emissions by nearly 3 million tons per year if used to provide heating.

According to Defra, Biomass Task Force chairman Sir Ben Gill presented the findings of the body's year-long study to Defra and the DTI, whose secretaries of state jointly commissioned the report.

"We estimate there could be 20 million tons of biomass available annually," said Gill. "The challenge for the government now is to unlock this vast potential. Heat has been the forgotten part of the energy debate -- enough waste heat is emitted from our power stations to heat the country one and a half times over -- but our findings show that producing heat either alone or in combined heat and power plants is by far the most efficient way of using biomass. There are many renewable sources of electricity but biomass is the only widely available source of renewable heat. At a time of rising oil prices, biomass heating is fast becoming an attractive option."

In the report, the Task Force makes 42 recommendations, including calling for the introduction of capital grants to fund more biomass heating boilers and identifying public buildings as an ideal place to begin the expansion. Additionally, the report provides examples of where biomass boilers are already operating successfully.
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The Task Force concludes that one of the biggest barriers to progress is ignorance and recommends that the government acts in the next six months to create a single information point on biomass for the country as a whole as well as delivers on its promise in the 2003 Energy White Paper to lead by example in its own building stock

supply line

2007-04-25T05:35:00.003-07:00

WEB-BASED SECURITY

US LIFE SAFETY - Life Counts is a Web-based service designed to distribute information such as crisis plans, emergency preparedness plans, contingency and disaster recovery plans, general workplace safety, and company policies to building occupants. Through online testing and scoring, the system provides verification to managers that all employees, tenants and staff have received information and understand it. The product can assist in complying with insurance regulations and local fire or municipal codes. FREE INFO: Circle 260

LIGHTING CONTROLS

WAGO - The 750-641 digital addressable lighting interface (DALI) module uses the company's 288-893 15vdc external power supply to provide up to 400 ma of supply current capable of supporting three DALI modules. The product offers the ability to communicate with more than 46 DALI ballasts. Digital outputs can control relays and solenoids; analog inputs can be used for temperature control and lights; and analog outputs can be used to control HVAC. FREE INFO: Cirde 263

BOILERS
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AERCO -The 2.0 million-btu-per-hour stainless steel gas-fired Benchmark condensing boilers offer dual fuel capability and a modulating burner with 20:1 turndown for 98 percent thermal efficiency. The products are designed for commercial hydronic heating applications - especially those utilizing cooler water temperatures. FREE INFO: Circle 261

ACCESS CONTROL

HONEYWELL -The company's OmniClass line of smart card readers and credentials offers 64-bit encryption of card data and memory on-board credentials that provides space for use by other applications, such as biometrics, allowing facilities to issue a single card. The products use standard Weigand output wiring. FREE INFO: Circle 262

CONTROLLER

WHEELOCK - The SP4-TZC telephone zone controller allows users to control selectable paging and background music on the company's SAFEPATH4 system. The product allows users to access individual or multiple speaker zones throughout the system via the telephone. FREE INFO: Circle 264

Gas water heater recall under way

2007-04-25T05:35:00.001-07:00

A.O. Smith Water Products Co. is voluntarily recalling approximately 5,000 of its 75-gallon propane gas water heaters because they may pose fire hazards. The Milwaukee manufacturer of heaters and boilers said that the water heaters can accumulate soot on their burners. A.O. Smith is recalling the units in cooperation with the U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission and will replace the units for free. The affected units are under the brand names A.O. Smith, Reliance, Apollo, State and Maytag. The units were built between January 2004 and July 2005.

Thermal Imaging Cameras integrate with Pocket PC or PC

2007-04-25T05:33:00.000-07:00

Heat Spy[R] Imager can locate hot spots as well as indicate surface temperatures and delta-T. Emissivity, [degrees]F/C/K temperature scale, color palette, and image integration can be set before and changed after taking thermal picture. Each thermal picture, saved in memory, is automatically date and time stamped. Users can record details of inspection in Pocket Word document or Notes. Standard camera has 20[degrees] field of view and temperature range of -10 to 300[degrees]C.

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Asheville, NC - October 7th, 2005 - Wahl Instruments, Inc announces their New Heat Spy[R] Thermal Imaging Cameras. The Heat Spy[R] Imager (HSI) cameras will set the standard for high value cameras due to their capabilities and low price. Companies can now easily justify buying one or more Thermal Imaging Cameras which can be used by anyone in minutes.

The Wahl Heat Spy[R] Imager when integrated with a Pocket PC or PC, has the same ability as the expensive thermal imaging cameras to locate hot spots and indicate surface temperatures. In addition, it indicates the delta-T. Just scan target area, place hottest spot at center of PC's screen, indicated by a circle, and turn on laser. The HSI laser points to the hot spot shown on the screen identifying the problem and indicating the temperature. In addition, you can check any of the pixels on the screen which will tell you the temperature of up to ten pixels simultaneously, and the delta-T of any two pixels the User selects. You can also save the image into memory with complete ability to review every pixel and temperature differentials later.
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Temperature range and sensitivity can be set manually or automatically. Emissivity, temperature scale in [degrees]F, [degrees]C and K, color palette and image integration, can be set before and changed after taking a thermal picture. Each thermal picture, saved in memory, is automatically date and time stamped. You can write a descriptive label for the picture for easy retrieval later, and while using a Pocket PC, record details of your inspection in a Pocket Word document, or Notes. Voice recording is another way to document your comments. Then auto sync and export this information to your PC for report generating.

The Wahl Heat Spy[R] Imager is ergonomically designed, flexible, lightweight and easy to learn and use. Additional accessories including a Pocket PC, choice of two handles, digital photographic camera and a rechargeable camera light. Also, a neck strap to prevent from dropping camera. The Standard camera has a 20[degrees] field of view and a temperature range of -10/300[degrees]C .Cameras are also available in high accuracy, high temperatures up to 1000[degrees]C (1832[degrees]F), and for long distances with a 10[degrees] field of view lens. The cameras are CE approved and come with software, 2m RS232 connection cable, AC power adaptor, 4-AA alkaline batteries, rugged carrying case, user manual and a one-year warranty.

This product is a valuable diagnostic tool for predictive and preventive maintenance. By detecting anomalies often invisible to the naked eye, the Heat Spy Imager allows corrective actions to be taken before expensive failures happen. Wahl Heat Spy[R] Imager can be used for inspecting electrical and mechanical equipment. Also, pipes on buildings, boilers and furnaces for insulation, tank levels, wet roof insulation, or process equipment failure, and many other applications.

Louisiana hospital gets new lease on life with boiler transplant

2007-04-13T02:59:00.001-07:00

With energy prices going up, controlling the cost of running sterilizers, kitchens, and laundries was a constant concern of John English, director of plant operations for Glenwood Regional Medical Center in West Monroe, LA. Glenwood started as a community hospital back in the 1960s. Now it is a regional medical center with a 365,000-plus-sq-ft, full-service, 257-bed hospital.

Over the years, to meet its steam requirements, the hospital acquired two 125-hp firetube boilers in the early '60s. Two additional 125-hp firetube boilers were installed in the late '70s. Eleven years ago, a 100-hp watertube boiler was bought to provide steam for the laundry.

English knew from his previous experience that major savings could be realized by increasing the efficiency of Glenwood's heat and steam generation. The old firetube boilers at were running constantly, even though the demand for steam from the sterilizers, kitchens, and laundries was intermittent. In addition to being natural gas guzzlers, the old firetube boilers were requiring ever-larger investments in maintenance and repairs.

THE SEARCH BEGINS
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According to Bob Sieve of Heatran Corporation in Shreveport, LA, "The driving force behind everything that they [Glenwood's staff] do over there is to conserve natural gas because of the pricing that we are experiencing now. We specialize in energy-related retrofits."

English decided to meet the space heating side of his requirements with condensing/modulating hot water boilers and water heaters, but he still had steam requirements. He had personal experience with several firetube boiler brands and one watertube boiler, but he wanted to know more. He did some serious investigations at other medical centers to find out what the latest, best systems were that really would have an impact on operational flexibility and energy consumption.

There are three areas of boiler concern in the hospital--kitchen, sterilizer areas, and the laundry. The old system consisted of four large firetube steam boilers, which connected converters and steam-fired storage tank domestic water systems, directly to the kitchen and sterilizer area and then a separate watertube boiler for the laundry.

English continued, "Because of their age and configuration, the old boilers were estimated to have an in-service efficiency of somewhere between 65% to 75%--if they were tuned up properly. We had to run our old boilers all the time because it would take at least 30 minutes to get them up and running."

The staff chose Miura watertube boilers to replace the old boilers. "The Miuras are running at 86% to 88% efficiency. It's a tremendous difference. That's counting just when they are operating. But the advantage of the Miura boilers is that, when they are not needed, you can cycle it off and not use anything. Then you can be up and running in just six minutes," English said.

Three Miura LX50 SG dual fuel boilers were installed to supply the kitchen and sterilizer areas. The kitchen/sterilizer boilers are dual fuel--propane and natural gas--to provide back up in case of interruption in the natural gas flow. Louisiana has a law that hospitals located above certain latitudes have to have dual fuel.

'IN THE KNOW'

Sieve decided to opt for Miura's online boiler surveillance system (MBM), which allows staff to know what is going on with its boiler and HVAC systems at all times. "We've got the controller on the boiler that tells you the alarms, but we also have the software that analyzes the information from the boilers and shows us, graphically, on a computer, the boilers' status. You can actually see what is going on with your flame and stack temperatures, etc. It gives you a lot of beneficial data. You can print out an alarm history. It tells you exactly what the alarms are about. And, we can monitor the boilers remotely," English added.

Pressure Transducers eliminate leaks in corrosive media

2007-04-13T02:58:00.002-07:00

Model AST4200 features one-piece bulkhead design made of 17-4PH or 316L stainless steel that mounts through panel to keep hazardous media out of control box. Able to measure benign and corrosive media from -70 to +300[degrees]F, product employs titanium and nickel alloy wetted materials with Krystal Bond(TM) Technology. With 10 mV/V, 4-20 mA, or 1-5 V outputs, transducers provide gauge, sealed gauge, or compound gauge pressure measurement in ranges up to 10,000 psi.

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Landing, NJ, April 25, 2005...Pressure transducers form a critical function in today's closed -loop systems, providing data for safety, control and alarm functions encountered in typical industrial applications such as heating boilers, HVAC/R, gas correctors, compressors, test stands, fire suppression equipment and power generation. These sensors measure a wide range of benign and corrosive media, with temperatures ranging from -70 to +300 degrees Fahrenheit.

System integrators and panel builders traditionally relied on sensors mounted to bulkhead fittings in order to form of pressure connection for pressure measurements. This meant that in a typical panel, the sensor was mounted inside to a panel-mounted bulkhead fitting and sealed by means of Teflon tape or face O-ring and requires an additional connection between the bulkhead fitting and the hose. The seals between the sensor, bulkhead fitting, and the hose are critical and, if not formed correctly, can lead to leaks and eventual failure of the system, particularly in systems that handle water, steam, corrosive gases and liquids.
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Using panel-mount pressure sensors, such as American Sensor Technologies (AST) Model AST4200, can overcome this problem as these sensors were designed to provide a hermetic seal against the media without the use of adapters. The unique one-piece bulkhead design of the AST4200 mounts through the panel to keep hazardous media out of the control box. Secondly, the solid one-piece 17-4PH or 316L high strength stainless steel design is free of welds, internal O-rings or fluid-filled cavities, making it ideal for applications that require high proof and burst pressures. The sensor requires a minimal mounting configuration that utilizes a standard panel punch. A locknut is used to hold the sensor to the panel, and leaves room for a gasket to be used. Two wrench flats on the nose of the sensor allow the user to tighten the external pressure tubing to the sensor without turning the part.

Units offer outputs of 10mV/V, 4-20 mA or 1-5V. Units provide long life and resistance to media corrosion as well as superb over range and burst protection. In addition to utilizing strain gauge technology, the AST4200 offers wetted material such as titanium and nickel alloys with its own-patented Krystal Bond(TM) Technology to produce strain gauge sensors that yield a high output with low thermal errors.

The AST4200 pressure sensors provide gauge, sealed gauge or compound gauge pressure measurement in ranges up to 10,000 PSI. Sensors are calibrated and temperature compensated to ensure stability over specified ranges. Units offer accuracy of < +0.5% BFSL at 25*C (77* F) and long-term stability of +0.25% full-scale output per annum. Exhibiting excellent resistance to high vibration, shock and temperature extremes, and high levels of EMI/RFI filtrations, units are able to perform in a variety of demanding environments.

Thermal Imaging Camera helps with predictive maintenance

2007-04-13T02:58:00.001-07:00

Available in portable and fixed models, Heat Spy[R] Imager locates hot spots while indicating temperature and delta T. Images with temperature points and differentials can be saved and reviewed later, and each picture is date/time stamped and can be labeled accordingly. Operating with virtual instrumentation software and programmable operator controls, fixed version can monitor process and feedback up to 256 temperature points simultaneously.

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Asheville, NC - April 6, 2005 - Palmer Wahl Instrumentation Group announces the introduction of our new Thermal Imaging cameras both portable and fixed. Our HEAT SPY[R] IMAGER cameras will set the standard for high value cameras. Camera prices start at $3,499 for a portable unit as compared to our nearest competitor at $10,000 and upward to $30,000. Customers can now finally justify buying one or more Thermal Imaging cameras.

The HEAT SPY[R] IMAGER has the ability to locate a hot spot with ease and tell you the temperature and delta T at the same time. Just aim at target, place hottest spot at center of screen and turn on laser. The HSI will tell you temperature and show you the spot where the problem lies. You can also save the image with complete ability to review all temperature points and temperature differentials later, change emissivity, temperature scale etc. Each picture is date and time stamped with the ability to label the picture accordingly.
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Consider this product as a valuable diagnostic tool for predictive maintenance. By detecting anomalies often invisible to the naked eye, the Heat Spy Imager allows corrective actions to be taken. Heat Spy Imager can be used for electrical, mechanical, piping and insulated systems. Also, pipes on buildings, boilers, tank levels, underground steam leaks, roof insulation where there are roof leaks, or process equipment failure and many other applications.

Wahl also has a fixed unit that can be used to monitor a process and feedback up to 256 temperature points simultaneously. This unit can be operated immediately with industry standard virtual instrumentation software and industry standard programmable operator control stations, or users and system integrators can devise specific software routines to provide a total control or monitoring system. The fixed Heat Spy Imager starts at $5,999 it is significantly less expensive than competitive brands.

Integration experts and visionaries receive Buildy Award

2007-04-13T02:56:00.000-07:00

Chosen by more than 450 of their peers, the four final Buildy Award winners representing the North American organizations and individuals who best support the vision of networked building systems were recognized at the Industry Gala at BuilConn 2005. This marks the second year for the Buildy Awards program that was designed to increase awareness of the benefits of whole building integration and honor successful implementation strategies.

Within the four award categories--Vision, Best New Product, Best Integration Project, and Best Building--the winners are a have all demonstrated superior strategies for intelligent buildings.

Ken and lane Sinclair, editors and owners of AutomatedBuildings.com, were presented with the Vision award for their vision of whole building integration and interoperability through advocacy, promotion, educational, and training endeavors.

AutomatedBuildings.com is a dedicated website with the most thorough, extensive, and respected source for information on integrated and interoperable building. AutomatedBuildings.com is the "must visit" site for all systems integrators that includes links to research, interviews with industry leaders, vendors, and the most up-to-date information in the industry. Ken is also the monthly building automation columnist for Engineered Systems. In addition, Ken and Jane also find time each year to put on a series of free information seminars at the AHR Expo for ASHRAE. During his energy manager days for the British Columbia Buildings Association, Ken was a founding member and a past president of both the local chapter of Association of Energy Engineers (AEE) and the Vancouver Island Chapter of ASHRAE. Ken has overseen 100-plus computerized control conversions, working closely with the building operators to ensure acceptance of this new technology.
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The Best New Product award was presented to Tridium, Inc. in honor of the Niagara Appliance, a complete device-to enterprise (M2M) solution for manufacturers of equipment systems such as boilers, lighting systems, refrigeration, air handlers, chillers, etc. Manufacturers are under increasing pressure to provide customers with a wide range of new capabilities--built-in Internet connectivity; integration with building automation, factory automation, and other control systems; the ability to remotely monitor installed products to provide better customer service and new business opportunities; and the creation of service bureau software applications to support their installed base, etc. Niagara Appliance helps manufacturers achieve these goals, quickly and easily with a custom-tailored solution built on the proven Niagara Framework.

Presented to building consultant ControlNET for the Whirlpool Corporation in Benton Harbor, MI, is the Best Building award in honor of the most progressive building technology supporting the vision of whole building integration. The Whirlpool Corporation wanted to upgrade its central data center from a mainframe environment to a server environment and install redundant backup systems for power and chilled water to make sure the mission-critical facility never failed. With plans for integrated controls to ensure better maintenance and rapid emergency response, they successfully overcame the challenge of tying together 15 types of equipment from multiple manufacturers, each of which used controls with multiple protocols.

Finally, the Best Integration Project award was presented to MacDonald-Miller tot the Tacoma Financial Center in Tacoma, WA, in recognition of the successful integration of a wide array of building systems and their operation over a corporate IT infra structure. Systems integrator MacDonald-Miller successfully unified the disparate building systems at the Tacoma Financial Center into an IP-centric platform all while maintaining the customer's existing investment in a Barber-Colman NW 8000 system.

New Products

2007-04-04T03:59:00.000-07:00

Designed as a miniaturized surface-mount device for infrared detection in sensing applications, OPTEK Technology (Carrollton, TX) has developed a series of NPN silicon phototransistors in 1206 chip packages. The devices are packaged with a flat molded lens; the OP520 features an opaque lens to shield it from ambient light, while the OP521 lens is water clear, giving it a wider response range. The devices exhibit response times of 15 µs with peak response to 880-nm light. Electrical performance of the OP520/521 Series is characterized by collector-emitter voltages of 30 V, emitter-collector voltage of 5 V, collector current of 20 mA and power dissipation of 75 mW at 25 °C. They are RoHS-compliant and are compatible with high-temperature (260 °C), lead-free soldering processes. Rated for operation from -25 °C to +85 °C, the phototransistors are designed to be mechanically and spectrally matched to OPTEK's OP250 series surface mount infrared LEDs.Scanner Window Glass

The Diamonex Products Division of Morgan Advanced Ceramics (Stourport, Worcestershire, UK) has developed several coated glasses that resist scratching and digs for barcode scanning systems. Diamonex's line of superhard diamond-like coated glass includes Everscan and Aegisglass Plus. Everscan windows exhibit diamond-like properties for the lifetime of the scanner, enabling OEMs to offer a limited lifetime warranty comparable to more expensive windows made from sapphire. The abrasion-resistant qualities of Diamond-Like Carbon (DLC) make Aegisglass Plus applicable for laser barcode scanner window applications. With better transmission than Everscan, Aegisglass Plus is guaranteed to resist scratching for up to five years. Diamonex also offers Scanshield glass, which comes with a one-year warranty in bar code scanning applications.

Fiber Laser Design Software

Application Designer v3.0 from Liekki (Lohja, Finland) is a simulation and design software environment for fiber lasers and amplifiers with new transient analysis capability. The software provides the ability to simulate the dynamic regime and transients of active components and new components such as time-dependent signal sources and optical modulators. The new software upgrade also includes the ability to calculate non-linear effect thresholds such as Brillouin scattering and Raman scattering, and the effect of refractive index variation with optical power density. The software suite also offers an improved user interface and reporting tools.

Mikron Infrared's (Oakland, NJ) M7500 infrared camera is configurable for midwave or longwave infrared (MWIR/LWIR) imaging as well as four different temperature bands, without requiring cryogenic cooling. The M7500 can image in the MWIR bands of 3.9 microns (furnaces and boilers through flames) and 4.8 µm to 5.2 µm (for glass), across a temperature range of 400 °C to 1600 °C. The M7500 also features two standard temperature ranges of -40 °C to °120 °C, and 0 °C to 500 °C in 8-µm to 14-µm LWIR mode, which is designed for making thermal measurements independent of sunlight or factory lighting. The camera offers temperature measurement accuracy of ±2 °C for applications in glass, ceramics, food processing, paper, textiles, electronics, and hydrocarbon/chemical processing. The M7500 includes a 320 × 240-element VOX microbolometer detector and 100Base-T Ethernet. It comes standard with NEMA 4 (IP67) housing rated for ambient temperatures of -15 °C to 50 °C; an optional high-temperature protective housing raises exposure rating to 100 °C.

Leica Geosystems (Unterentfelden, Switzerland) has released several laser trackers, ranging from portable units to large-scale units designed for the automotive and aerospace industries. The LT640 Leica Laser Tracker is optimized for corner cube reflector inspection within a measurement volume of up to 40 m. The LTD706 short-range laser tracker is intended for portable CMM jobs within a measurement radius of 6 m. The LTD709 was designed for the automotive industry, offering a measurement radius of up to 9 m for PCMM applications, an increase of 25 percent over the model it replaces. At the same time, LTD709 has a measurement volume of 25 m when used with a corner cube reflector. Designed for aerospace applications, the LTD840 has a probing measurement range of up to 15 m, which translates into a measurement volume of up to 30 m when used with a T-Probe; LTD840's measurement range reaches a full 40 m when used with a corner cube reflector. The T-Probe II "Walk-Around" solution offers improved accuracy, a ten-fold increase in the point rate output, and user-assignable multi-function buttons.

Cost of Corn Processing for Finishing Cattle1, The

2007-04-04T03:56:00.000-07:00

Three corn processing methods were compared for use in 5,000- and 20,000-head capacity feedlots. Processing methods were dry-rolled (DRC), early harvest and ensiling high-moisture (HMC), and steam-flaked corn (SFC). Processing costs were determined to be $1.58, $4.71, and $9.57/t (metric ton; DM basis) for DRC, HMC, and SFC, respectively, for the 5,000-capacity feedlot. Processing costs were less for the 20,000-capacity feedlot at $0.81, $3.07, and $6.23/t (DM basis) for DRC, HMC, and SFC, respectively. Using these economic calculations in an 85% corn diet (DM basis), an improvement of dietary feed efficiency would need to be 2.4 and 6.1% for feeding HMC or SFC, respectively, compared with feeding DRC in a 5,000-capacity feedlot to be of economical value. For the 20,000-capacity feedlot, an improvement of dietary feed efficiency would need to be 1.7 and 4.2% for feeding HMC or SFC, respectively, compared with feeding DRC. Variables such as corn price, feed efficiency response, energy cost, and feedlot size determine economic returns for corn processing. Feeding SFC appears to generate economic return in both sizes of feedlots compared with feeding HMC or DRC. Calculated economic returns involving HMC were more variable than the economic returns generated from DRC data.Corn is a major constituent of diets fed to finishing beef cattle in the United States. The major component of yellow dent corn is starch, which is approximately 72% of the DM (Huntington, 1997). Starch utilization is fundamental to improving efficiency of production of feedlot cattle (Theurer, 1986). Com is processed to increase starch availability to improve cattle performance. GaIyean (1996) surveyed consulting nutritionists and evaluated the 3 major corn processing methods, which were dry-rolling, early harvest and ensiling, and steam-flaking. Several studies (Huck et al., 1998; Cooper et al., 2002; Scott et al., 2003; Macken et al., 2006) and a review (Owens et al., 1997) determined finishing cattle responses to these different processing methods. However, limited work has been reported in the literature to define the cost associated with each processing method. Knowing the costs of processing corn is a critical part in determining economic advantages that can be gained by the different processing methods. A certain processing method may in fact cost more than the improvement in cattle performance justifies. Economic evaluation of corn processing is difficult to define as it can be specific to individual producers. Therefore, objectives of this evaluation were 1) to outline cost of processing corn, 2) to provide general numbers associated with processing of corn, and 3) to discuss potential economic gain from corn processing based on cattle performance.

Data provider negotiating with building owners

2007-03-29T04:38:00.003-07:00

Telkonet, Inc., the leader in providing in-building broadband access over existing electrical wiring, announced the formation of Telkonet Energy Services (TES), a new division that will focus on providing energy data, energy management and energy market participation to residential and commercial properties nationwide.

The installation of the proven Telkonet iWire System energizes the electrical infrastructure of residential and commercial buildings, creating a fully responsive data network. This network is then used to acquire energy information and control components of the HVAC system within the building, such as boilers, air conditioners, fans, pumps and thermostats.

The company is currently negotiating to provide these services to several high-profile building owners in New York City, Chicago and Miami.

This division will operate within Telkonet's subsidiary, Microwave Satellite Technologies, Inc. (MST) of Hawthorne, New Jersey and will use a combination of advanced data technologies to acquire and display energy use and pricing information.

Stepping toward energy savings

2007-03-29T04:38:00.001-07:00

Stora Enso's midwestern mills get a head start on accelerating energy costs with projects that balance energy consumption with financial and environmental concerns

While it's impossible to predict natural disasters and other external factors that have influenced the acceleration of oil and gas prices since late 2005, a three-year series of energy projects have positioned Stora Enso's U.S. mills to better offset those increases.

To encourage the mills to consider energy-related projects as often as productionrelated ones, a group was formed in 2002 to solicit corporate capital for energy conservation and emission reduction projects that would not tap into mill budgets.

"Our corporate power and energy department, headed by Thomas Scharff in Wisconsin Rapids, recognized that energy projects often have a high ROI, so we needed to create the incentive for our mills to make them a higher priority," says Thomas Wroblewski, RE., energy engineer with the power and energy department. "At the same time, we also wanted to reduce our emission of greenhouse gases, especially CO2, on a voluntary basis as part of our commitment to the Chicago Climate Exchange."

To accomplish these goals, capital was requested of the North American investment committee (IC), a group of mill managers, vice presidents, and others responsible for funding decisions. From 2003-2005, the IC dedicated corporate funds specifically for the energy projects, while the mills submitted project proposals.

LOST FROM CONVOY: THE C.J. BARKDULL

2007-03-29T04:37:00.001-07:00

There is no denying that the tanker C. J. Barkdull went off to war, but did not come home. The question is, was she torpedoed? which some people believe, but cannot prove, or did she vanish into an unknown form of oblivion? which other people believe but also cannot prove. In either case, the circumstances of her disappearance were unique in that she vanished amidst dozens of other ships in a convoy, from which apparently no reliable witness saw her go.

Nevertheless, someone must have thought they had seen her drop out of the convoy in which she was traveling. The wartime fleet history published by the marine department of the oil company that owned her, says this: "All that is definitely known of the vessel is that in the early morning hours of 13 December 1942, the CJ. Barkdull was seen to lose headway and drop back out of the convoy; she was never heard from again." Unfortunately, the witness to this action was not identified by her owners or by historians.

The Barkdull was one of many ships that belonged to the Standard oil Company of New Jersey, the largest oil company in the world, then known popularly as Esso and now officially as Exxon. Digging into her story should be relatively easy, because the corporation has a strong sense of history and maintains extensive corporate archives. That easy task has been made more difficult, however, by an action designed, ironically, to make accessing this corporate history an even easier task. The oil company has recently donated its corporate archives to the library of the University of Texas and has even provided $300,000 to assist in the cataloging of these materials. Unfortunately, the task is so huge that the librarians at Austin tell waiting researchers that it will take a number of years to get the archives ready for public access. So, in looking at the C. J. Barkdull, we do so without a fresh examination of the written record of her career. We also face the formidable task of deriving true facts from war-time communications that were heavily restricted and censored. The true story of the C. J. Barkdullis inherently difficult to unravel because it involves information about ships assembled in convoys where confusion and misinformation often prevailed.

The C. J. Barkdull had never been one of the front-rank vessels of the huge fleet amassed by the oil company. In fact, at the time of her disappearance, she was registered Panamanian and carried the name of a long-forgotten oil company executive - which sounded more like a command to a dog than a name - rather than one of the glamorous Esso geographical names such as the Esso Roanoke. She had, frankly, seen better days.

She had been built in 1917 as the Wilhebn Jebsen, a notably Nordic name to come out of an American yard during WWI, but one intended for a Norwegian owner. The shipyard was that of the Union Iron Works yard in San Francisco, which had recently built tankers for such American oil companies as Tidewater, Union oil, Standard of California, Socony Vacuum, and Atlantic Refining. However, this ship was one of a group built for private ownership, rather than for the US Shipping Board which built most of the American ships during WWI. During that, war she apparently never came under the operational control of the federal government.

ASSET MANAGEMENT'

2007-03-29T04:36:00.000-07:00

How one manufacturer's positive approach to plant maintenance slashed costs while boosting production

CHICAGO-Is predictive maintenance cost effective? Here at S&C Electric Co., an affirmative answer is clear. Repair work orders are down 90%; production machinery uptime has increased from 90% to 97%. Those improvements are estimated to save at least $4 million annually.

In marked contrast to the drain of manufacturing jobs and the decline of familiar industries throughout this area, S&C Electric continues to grow as a world leader in the manufacture of high-power electrical switching and control apparatus. Located on nearly a square mile of industrial property in an otherwise largely residential neighborhood, and still privately held, the firm occupies 1.1 million square feet under roof in 20 separate buildings. Strong demand for the firm's products poses a serious challenge for the maintenance functions here.

The 1,600 plant employees are on a "two plus" shift work schedule, with maintenance workers on a three-shift basis. Other than a Christmas shutdown period, no scheduled downtime is available except for periodic "project weekends" from Saturday afternoon to Monday morning. During such periods, scheduled maintenance that takes more than one work shift to complete includes servicing of circuit breakers in power distribution panels, software upgrades for control systems, lighting upgrades and bulb/ballast replacements, upgrading or replacing PLC's, and any motor replacements or repairs.

SUPPLIER NEWS

2007-03-23T05:00:00.001-07:00

Norampac Inc. and ThermoChem Recovery International announced that the black liquor gasification project at Norampac's Trenton, Ont., mill has progressed from commissioning status to full commercial operation. The mill also has completed air emissions testing and is the world's first commercial low-temperature black liquor gasification system. The mill has achieved over 18,000 operation hours.

Corenso, a Stora Enso subsidiary, has selected Vaahto Pulp & Paper Machinery to supply main production equipment for the No. 12 paper machine conversion project at Wisconsin Rapids, Wis. Vaahto will supply a new dilution controlled headbox, wire section extension, and a shoe press. The No. 12 paper machine will be rebuilt to produce coreboard starting in 2008. Training and startup services are induded in the order.
SKF announces its subsidiary company, SKF USA Inc., has acquired Preventive Maintenance Company Inc. (PMCI) in Elk Grove Village, Ind. SKF reports it intends to use PMCI's expertise in vibration data collections and analysis, balancing, alignment, ultrasonics, lubrications sampling, and thermography to create a primary service delivery organization.

PerkinElmer Inc. has acquired a line of dynamic mechanical analysis products from Triton Technology Ltd.

Parelec Inc. in Rocky Mill, N.J., has acquired Precision Systems, a supplier of real time location systems in Raanana, Israel.

GL&V has completed the pending acquisition of technologies from Metso Corp.

NEW FACILITIES

Mascoma Corp. has received a $14.8-million award from the New York State Dept. of Agriculture and Markets and the New York Energy Research and Development Authority to build and operate a biomass-to-ethanol demonstration plant in Rochester, N.Y. The planned project will include a consortium of International Paper, Cornell University, Clarkson University, and the Natural Resources Defense Council. The facility will operate using paper sludge, wood chips, switch grass, and corn stover, and Is expected to be operational about a year after construction begins.

ISRA Surface Vision, after a 30% growth in surface inspection over the past fiscal year, has moved into a larger facility in Duluth, Ga. The Inspection Div. works on plastics, nonwovens, paper, print, metals, glass, and the can inspection markets.

PRICING

Dow Chemical Co. announced that the price for QUAT 188 Cationic Reagent will increase by $0.08/lb on February 15 or as contracts permit.

ITOCHU Chemicals America Inc. has issued a temporary voluntary allowance (TVA) to reduce the price of titanium dioxide slurry by $0.06/lb. The TVA is for the period ending March 31 and applies to all the company's titanium dioxide slurry products, including Anatase, Rutile, and Ti-B

NAME CHANGE

The SUNY College of Environmental Science and Forestry has changed the name of its Faculty of Paper Science and Engineering to the Faculty of Paper and Bioprocess Engineering. The change reflects the addition of a bioprocess engineering major.

ONLINE UPDATES

Babcock & Wilcox Co. has released its 2007 technical training seminar schedule through its Web site, www.babcock.com. Seven technical seminars offered this year include: low NOx burners and SCR systems, package boilers, wet/dry FGD systems, recovery boilers, B&W roll wheel and E/EL analysis, coal-fired boilers and performance analysis, and coal-fired utility boilers.

Maxson Automatic Machinery Company launched a redeveloped Web site at www.maxsonautomation.com. The customer service section of the site offers ways to improve sheet operation efficiency and productivity, and contains frequently asked questions and troubleshooting guides. The product section can be searched using an alphabetical listing, or by industry type or product category. Updated information can also be found in the company profile section, including key personnel, history, and contact information.

Inpro/Seal has revised and relaunched its Web site, www.inpro-seal.com, with a new "educate and inform" style. Some features of the site include: illustrations, charts, diagrams, installations, product photography, documentation, product literature, feature articles, and frequently asked questions.

TECHNOLOGY

The Hydraulic Institute (HI) released a new guideline, titled "Mechanical Seals for Pumps: Application Guidelines," in January. The 300-page reference book provides pump and seal professionals, end users, and consulting engineers with current pump mechanical seal knowledge. HI will also offer a course based on the guideline at the Texas A&M Pump Users Symposium on March 5 in Houston, Tex. Visit www.pumps.org for more information. In addition, HI is offering pump users entry into its "Standards Partners" program that offers benefits such as the latest HI standards on CD-ROM and access to e-learning courses.

Dannielle Tegeder at Priska C. Juschka

2007-03-23T04:59:00.000-07:00

The cables, pipes and wires that serve New York lie as deep as 800 feet underground, we're told, prompting the question: what does the world beneath a city look like? Artist Dannielle Tegeder assays one fanciful answer through drawings that use ovals, circles, rectangles and other geometric shapes, often connected by lines, to create fictitious blueprints of buried infrastructures. Containing such ominous-sounding features as "Male Center Production Headquarters," "Ellipse Information Routes" and "Multi-square Human Networks," these tidy and somewhat mad schematics in ink, pencil, acrylic and gouache on heavy paper evoke the kind of crackpot earnestness one finds in the work of outsider artists.

Tegeder is no outsider, however, but a talented draftswoman whose upbringing in a family of steamfitters afforded her familiarity with the milieu of pipes, valves and boilers. In this show of seven drawings and one installation (all works 2004), she enriched that mechanical insight with her experiences in Africa and South Asia, far-flung exposure that is reflected in her works' overlong titles, which reference, along with satirical jargon and technical double-talk, such distant locales as Mali, El Salvador and Saudi Arabia.

The results are whimsical, if detached, fantasies of a kind of planet-wide infrastructure that threatens to overwhelm deeper, more authentic personal feelings. For example, Bamoshan ... (Tegeder's titles can approach a paragraph in length) parodies a schematic drawing of a subterranean power center--the artist delineates ground level at the top of each drawing--centered on a "love dot boiler," an oval container apparently filled with heated molecules about to turn into "affective" steam. BaskraPataci seems to be a diagram of electrical and hydraulic systems hooked into an underground furnace---or perhaps it limns the flow of emotions in the hidden realm of the heart. One wonders if her buried pipe and cable works are systems to circulate human feelings--including, perhaps, the artist's--or to evacuate and vent them.The standout piece was Floating City, a mixed-medium installation consisting of a 20-by-4-foot mirrored platform on which Tegeder laid out dozens of handcrafted objects. This three-dimensional version of her drawings embodied, according to a press release, a "concept of an urban utopia." Like her drawings' titular allusions to a kind of global sensibility, this term-paper conceptualization of urbanism distracted from the real strength of the work: Tegeder's ability to fashion small, complex items out of quirky materials. Displayed like commodities in a department store were towers made of plastic tubes, miniature modernistic sculptures fashioned of wood and paper, snaking strings of beads and a cardboard sphere that revealed an intricately constructed interior. Marvelously created and intriguingly arranged, the objects offered a dose of sheer physical immediacy that was more affecting than the fancy yet ultimately extraneous allusions to cities utopian or dystopian.